Forced shape transformation

Besides issues related to the accuracy of force fields in spatially inhomogeneous systems comprising many chemically distinct components, the basic restriction related to the chemically detailed models is the rather small length and time scales that they can access. This limitation imposes severe restrictions for considering collective phenomena in amphiphilic vesicles, i.e., processes that involve large particle numbers. Typical examples include vesicle assembly, vesicle fusion, phase separation and shape transformations of multicomponent amphiphilic vesicles. For many of these processes, it is expected that the underlying atomistic details of the molecular constituents can be captured by a small number of relevant characteristics and universality classes, comprised of systems with a rather different atomistic structure, can be identified. These phenomena can be successfully investigated via minimal... 

In reality, below 550°C the driving force becomes so large that it cannot be contained and the iron transforms from f.c.c. to b.c.c. by the displaeive mechanism. Small lens-shaped grains of b.c.c. nucleate at f.c.c. grain boundaries and move across the... 

Soft ferriles have a slender S-shaped hysteresis loop with low rcntanencc and low ciicreivc force permitting easy magnetization and demagnetization with little magnetic loss. These ferrites are uniquely suited to low-ioss inductor and transformer cores for radio, television, and carrier telephony. 

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