Force fields, distinguishing features

AFM can demonstrate detailed information about rigid surface features in air or immersed in hquid. Even minor differences previously unable to be seen can be distinguished via AFM. It can differentiate even single atoms in a field of vie w larger than 125 Xm (0.005 in). This combination of exquisite detail in a three-dimensional view estabhshes important quantitative data analysis (such as feature sizes, surface roughness and area, and cross-section plots). Bowen et al. [2] wrote an excellent article on the atomic force microscopic studies on membranes. 

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