Folding unfolding

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Kellermayer et aJ., 1997] Kellermayer, M., Smith, S., Granzier, H., and Bustamante, C. Folding-unfolding transition in single titin modules characterized with laser tweezers. Science. 276 (1997) 1112-1116... 

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In an aqueous medium these wtermolecular attractive interactions make a strong contribution to biopolymer self-association and inclusion complex formation, as well as to the flocculation of biopolymer-coated colloidal particles. // //Y/molecular hydrophobic interactions commonly influence the level of folding/unfolding of macromolecules as well as their detailed conformations. 

We cannot answer the question posed by Anfin-sen s hypothesis. Does the native state have a minimum value of the Gibbs energy Nevertheless, it is observed that proteins usually behave as if folded, unfolded forms are in a true thermodynamic equilibrium, and that this equilibrium is attained rapidly. The difference AG between a folded and a denatured protein is only 21-63 kj mol-1, which shows that folded proteins are only marginally more stable than are unfolded polypeptide chains.645 The value of AG of unfolding as a function of temperature T is given by Eq. 29-13, where AH(T) and ACp are the changes in enthalpy and heat capacity upon unfolding.645 646... 

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Stadler, A. M., Kyritsakas, N., Lehn, J.-M., Reversible folding/unfolding of linear molecular strands into helical channel-like complexes upon proton-modulated binding and release of metal ions. Chem. Conrnmn. 2004, 2024-2025. 

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