Fluoro surfactants

Complete wetting of a solid is only possible if a drop of the liquid spreads spontaneously at the surface, i.e. for 9 = 0 or cos 9=1. The limiting value cos 6 = 1 is a constant for a solid and is named critical surface tension of a solid y... Therefore, only liquids with yl < Vc have the ability to spontaneously spread on surfaces and wet them completely. Tab. 4.2 gives an overview of critical surface tension values of different polymer surfaces [40]. From these data it can be concluded that polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces can only be wetted by specific surfactants with a very low surface tension, e.g. fluoro surfactants. 

Table 3.4 gives an overview of critical surface tension values of different polymer surfaces [10]. From these data it is obvious that polytetrafluoro ethylene surfaces can only be wetted by specific surfactants with a very low surface tension, e.g. fluoro surfactants. 

Eastoe J, Downer A, Paul A, Steytler DC, Rumsey E, Penfeld J, Heenan RK. Fluoro-surfactants at air/water and water/C02 interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000 2 5235-5242. 

In eq 1 vd2o is the volume of a water molecule. Hence, can be estinmted as 115 5 and the intercept is consistent with a radius for die polar core of a dry micelle of around 11 A. This head group area Afj can also be calculated from high Q SANS data with the Porod equation, as described elsewhere (13, 86). These results indicate that fluoro-surfactants at the water-COa interface adopt a lower packing density than a related hydrocarbon surfactant (AOT) at analogous water-alkane interfaces (86). 

Leach MJ, Niwata Y (1998) Cleaning composition comprising fluoro-surfactants. EU Patent 866115. Unilever PLC, UK... 

The design and synthesis of low-cost, green and low toxic effective CO2-S0I-uble surfactants represents a major challenge and draws attention from research groups around the world [25], So far, several fluorocarbon [26-29], sihcone [30,31], phosphate fluoro surfactants [32-34], and a series of fluorinated analogs of AOT [35-37], are shown to be effective surfactants for stabilizing water droplets in SCCO2 [38],... 

The changing landscape with regard to regulation of APFO and related fluoro-surfactants have led fluoropolymer manufacturers to re-evaluate and in some cases introduce polymerization approaches, which in previous times were considered not economically feasible. 

Ozawa, T. Asakawa, T. Ohta, A. Miyagishi, S. Halide-sensitive fluorescent probes for self-assembly of novel cationic fluoro surfactants. J. Oleo Sci. 2005, 54, 135-142. 

Yilmaz, Y. Alemdar, A. Fluoro-surfactant as a tool for both controlling and measuring the size of the organoclay aggregates. Appl. Clay Sci. 2005, 30, 154-164. 

Chem. Descrip. Fluoro surfactants Uses Wetting and flow agents for lustering emulsions Licowet F 3 Liq. [Clariant]... 

BYK -310 BYK -315 BYK -373 BYK -375 Drewfax 412 3M Novec Fluoro-surfactant FC-4430 3M Novec Fluoro-surfactant FC-4432 Troykyd Anti-Float Powder... 

SynperoniO All 3M Novec Fluoro-surfactant FC-4434 Ufasan 35 Ufasan 62B Ufasan 65 Volpo CS2 Volpo L3 Zonyl FS-300 Zonyl FSA Zonyl FSG Zonyl FSH Zonyl FSJ Zonyl FSN Zonyl FSN-100 Zonyl FSO Zonyl FSO-100 Zonyl FSP wetting agent, polishing lubricants Lubrhophos LB-400 E Lubrhophos LB-400... 

Huang, Q. and Hong, C.-S., TiOj photocatalytic degradation of PCBs in soil-water systems containing fluoro surfactant, Chemosphere, 41, 871-879, 2000. 

The most commonly encountered commercial fluoro surfactants are prepared by the electrolytic fluorination of the corresponding alkyl carboxylic acid fluoride or sul-fonyl fluoride... 

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