Fluorine halocarbons

Pentaborane(9), Reactive solvents, 0188 Calcium disilicide, Carbon tetrachloride, 3944 Fluorine, Halocarbons, 4310 Disilane, Non-metal halides, 4569 Dinitrogen tetraoxide, Halocarbons, 4747 Oxygen (Liquid), Halocarbons, 4832... 

HF is extremely stable and accumulates in the Middle Atmosphere. Its present abundance is equivalent to the accumulated fluorine amount liberated from fluorine bearing halocaibons up to present, and it increases at the pace of ongoing fluorine species entering the stratosphere. As HF is not a natural atmospheric constituent, the HF budget of the Middle Atmosphere is an important piece of evidence showing the fate and effect of fluorinated halocarbons. 

The atmosphere consists of a lower layer, the troposphere, separated from the upper stratosphere by the tropopause, a boundary characterised by a sharp reversal of rate of change of temperature. The only non-fluorinated halocarbons found in the stratosphere are carbon tetrachloride, and some methyl chloroform and methyl chloride. The troposphere, however, contains a much wider range of chlorocarbons at detectable levels. 

CoF is used for the replacement of hydrogen with fluorine in halocarbons (5) for fluorination of xylylalkanes, used in vapor-phase soldering fluxes (6) formation of dibutyl decalins (7) fluorination of alkynes (8) synthesis of unsaturated or partially fluorinated compounds (9—11) and conversion of aromatic compounds to perfluorocycHc compounds (see Fluorine compounds, organic). CoF rarely causes polymerization of hydrocarbons. CoF is also used for the conversion of metal oxides to higher valency metal fluorides, eg, in the assay of uranium ore (12). It is also used in the manufacture of nitrogen fluoride, NF, from ammonia (13). 

Halocarbon (HCFC) A class of refrigerants that contain fluorine, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen. 

Fluorinated organic compounds often may seem abnormal m comparison with hydrocarbon or other halocarbon compounds, but their behavior usually is quite intelhgible and predictable when the effects of fluonnation on molecular properties are understood This chapter discusses these charactenstic effects... 

Combinations of liquid chlorine trifluoride with several halocarbons except perfluo-rohexane exploded immediately when suddenly mixed at all temperatures between 25° and — 70°C. Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), below See Carbon tetrachloride, Fluorinated solvents, both above... 

The violent or explosive reactions which carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, etc., exhibit on direct local contact with gaseous fluorine [1], can be moderated by suitable dilution, catalysis and diffused contact [2], Combustion of perfluorocy-clobutane-fluorine mixtures was detonative between 9.04 and 57.9 vol% of the halocarbon [3], Iodoform reacts very violently with fluorine owing to its high iodine content [4], Explosive properties of mixtures with 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane have been studied [5],... 

Copper(II) sulfate Cumene hydroperoxide Cyanides Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Decaborane-14 Diazomethane 1,1-Dichloroethylene Dimethylformamide Hydroxylamine, magnesium Acids (inorganic or organic) Acids, water or steam, fluorine, magnesium, nitric acid and nitrates, nitrites Oxidants Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid Dimethyl sulfoxide, ethers, halocarbons Alkali metals, calcium sulfate Air, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ozone, perchloryl fluoride Halocarbons, inorganic and organic nitrates, bromine, chromium(VI) oxide, aluminum trimethyl, phosphorus trioxide... 

Thus, precursors such as hydrocarbon ethers, amines, carbonyl compounds which are readily protonated tend to be more amenable to ECF than, say, hydrocarbons or halocarbons whose solubilities and conductivities are low. A number of techniques have been developed in the past decade, however, to overcome such problems (see Sect. 4.2). Similarly, advances in methodology of ECF now allow the fluorination of gaseous, liquid, solid, and even polymeric materials [72-77]. 

Within the family of halocarbon refrigerants are compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCs) contain chlorine, fluorine, carbon and hydrogen. Halocarbons that contain only carbon, fluorine, and hydrogen are called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). 

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