Fluorine-containing compounds agrochemicals

Due to the unique properties of fluorinated compounds there has been a growing interest in the selective introduction of one or more fluorine atoms into organic molecules (Shimizu and Hiyama 2005 Welch and Eswarakrishnan 1991 Soloshonok 1999 Chambers 2004). In particular, the resistance to many metabolic transformations, as well as the increased lipophilicity and stability of fluorine-containing compounds is of importance to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry... 

Although most fluorine-containing biologically active pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds make use of the substituents that have been discussed in the previous three chapters, there are also numerous examples of more highly fluorinated bioactive compounds, the efficacy of which should encourage more examples to be sought. 

The reason that organic chemists are interested in compounds that contain fluorine is simple. Because of fluorine s steric and polar characteristics, even a single fluorine substituent, placed at a propitious position within a molecule, can have a remarkable effect upon the physical and chemical properties of that molecule. Discussions of the impact of fluorine on physical and chemical properties of compounds have appeared in numerous reviews and monographs.1-13 There are also a number of recent reviews on the subject of fluorine in medicinal, agrochemical, and materials chemistry.14-23... 

Agrochemistry is one of more important field of application of the fluorinated compounds which is widely recognized [256, 257], Eleven derivatives of fluorine-containing diazines are agrochemicals 8 compounds (292-299) are herbicides ... 

Fluorinated arenes are widely used as precursors for synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals [71] with a volume of several thousand tons per year [72]. More than 20 % of the pharmaceuticals currently in clinical testing contain fluorinated aromatic substructures, for some types of agrochemical the proportion is even exceeding 50% for newly introduced compounds. 

Fluorinated derivatives play an important role in pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds of interest. In fact, approximately 20% of the pharmaceuticals available in the market contain fluorine. The difluoromethylene group is isopolar and isosteric to the ethereal oxygen atom or the hydroxymethylene group, which are useful for the creation of biologically active compounds. 

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