Fluoride glass systems

Fig. 3.4 -7 (a) Elements whose oxides act as glass-formers (gray) and conditional glass-formers (brown) in oxide systems (after [4.11]). (b) Elements whose fluorides act as glass-formers (gray) and conditional glass-formers (brown) in fluoride glass systems (after [4.12])... 

In spite of the usually low cooling efficiencies (see the exercise above), recent experiments have demonstrated an anti-Stokes cooling from room temperature to 77 K within a certain internal volume of Yb + doped fluorochloride and fluoride glasses under high photon irradiances (Fernandez et ai, 2000). Future practical applications of optical cooling of solids include cooling systems for spacecraft electronics and detectors, as well as for superconductive circuits. 

The portion of the distillate boiling at 63° comprises the product. The yield is 11.2 g. (85 %). Arsenic(III) fluoride obtained in this manner is of sufficient purity to be used for the preparation of phosphorus (III) fluoride (synthesis 49) however, if desired, it can be further purified by distillation at atmospheric pressure in an all-glass system using a column packed with glass helices.3... 

Glass-forming ability has been also observed in several Zr-free fluoride systems, like in In-based glass systems whose... 

An approach to full spectroscopic near-field imaging in the IR range was presented by Michaels et al. [62], whose illumination-mode a-SNOM set-up was based on a Ti sapphire-pumped optical parametric amplifier (OPA) coupled into a tapered fluoride glass optical fiber. The OPA system provides tunable broadband IR radiation with output powers in the miUi Watt range. After passing the thin film sample, the transmitted fight is collected by a Cap2 lens and coupled into a monochromator with a detector array. Broadband illumination with a bandwidth... 

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