Fluids and particles

C. A. Lapple and co-workers, Fluid and Particle Mechanics, University of Delaware, Newark, Del., 1956, p. 292. 

Thermodynamics Hendrick C. Van Ness, Michael M. Abbott Heat and Mass Transfer James G. Knudsen, Hoyt C. Hottel, Adel F. Sarofim, Phillip C. Wankat, Kent S. Knaebel Fluid and Particle Dynamics Janies N. Tilton Reaction Kinetics Stanley M. Walas... 

James N. Tilton, Ph.D., P.E., Senior Consultant, Process Engineering, E. I. duPont de Nemours Co. Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Registered Professional Engineer (Delaware) (Section 6, Fluid and Particle Dynamics)... 

FIG. 6-61 Terminal velocities of spherical particles of different densities settling in air and water at 70°F under the action of gravity. To convert fhs to m/s, multiply by 0.3048. (From Lapple, etal.. Fluid and Particle Mechanics, University of Delaware, Newark, 1951, p. 292. )... 

This subsection is concerned with the application of particle mechanics (see Sec. 5, Fluid and Particle Mechanics ) to the design and apphcation of dust-collection systems. It includes wet collectors, or... 

A series of theoretical analyses of the fluid and particle collection efficiency of cyclones were performed in the 1970s by Bloor and Ingham " and they have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. 

Once these first estimates for the geometric dimensions of the cyclone have been obtained, a full theoretical analysis of the fluid and particle motions in the cyclone may be performed using the theoretical models given in Section 13.2.1.2. A substantial use of the expression (13.26) for the collection efficiency should be employed so that an updated design of the geometry of the cyclone can be obtained. 

Since ly is fixed by the fluid and particle characteristics, uq needs to be kept low... 

Figure 4-48. Pressure drop for cyclone separator system. Adapted by permission, Lapple, C. E., Fluid and Particle Dynamics, 1st Ed., University of Delaware, 1954.

In Section 9.3.4, consideration is given to the problem of heat transfer by conduction through a surrounding fluid to spherical particles or droplets. Relative motion between the fluid and particle or droplet causes an increase in heat transfer, much of which may be due to convection. Many investigators have correlated their data in the form ... 

Both heat transfer and mass transfer between a fluid and particles in a fluidised bed are discussed in Volume 2. The results are sensitive to the quality of fluidisation, and particularly to the uniformity of distribution of the particles in the fluid. In most cases, it is found that the same correlations for both heat transfer and mass transfer are applicable to fixed and fluidised beds. 

Dixon and coworkers [25] have performed several CFD simulations of fixed beds with catalyst particles of different geometries (Figure 15.9). The vast number of surfaces and the problems with meshing the void fraction in a packed bed have made it necessary to limit the number of particles and use periodic boundary conditions to obtain a representative flow pattern. Hollow cylinders have a much higher contact area between the fluid and particles at the same pressure drop. However, with a random packing of the particles, there wiU be a large variation... 

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