Fluid leakoff

D. L. Lord, P. S. Vinod, S. Shah, and M. L. Bishop. An investigation of fluid leakoff phenomena employing a high-pressure simulator. In Proceedings Volume, pages 465 74. Annu SPE Tech Conf (Dallas, TX, 10/22-10/25), 1995. 

G. S. Penny and M. W. Conway. Fluid leakoff, volume 12 of Recent advances in hydraulic fracturing (SPE Henry L Doherty MonogrSer), pages 147-176. SPE, Richardson, TX, 1989. 

S. Vitthal and J. M. McGowen. Fracturing fluid leakoff under dynamic conditions Pt 2 Effect of shear rate, permeability, and pressure. In Proceedings Volume, pages 821-835. Annu SPE Tech Conf (Denver, CO, 10/6-10/9), 1996. 

These additives restrict leakoff of the fracturing fluid into the exposed rock at the fracture face. Because the additives prevent excessive leakoff, fracturing fluid effectiveness and integrity are maintained. Fluid-loss additives of the past and present include bridging materials such as 100-mesh sand, 100-mesh soluble resin, and silica flour, or plastering materials such as starch blends, talc silica flovu, and clay (Ely, 1994). 

Alternate stages of pad fluid and acid provide leakoff control for fracture acidizing. Paper SPE 6124, presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans. 

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