Flocculants, cationic kraft lignin

Preparation and Testing of Cationic Flocculants from Kraft Lignin... 

Pulkkinen, E., A. Maekelae, and H. Makkonen. Preparation and testing of cationic flocculants fiom Kraft lignin, b Lignin -Properties and Materials, W. G. Glasser and S. Sarkanen, eds., ACS Symp. Ser. No. 397,1989, 284-293. 

Even a partial conversion of the hydroxyl groups of kraft lignin into a cationic ether derivative containing quaternary ammonium groups imparts water solubility to the derivative which is a promising candidate as a potential flocculant in liquid/solid separations in industrial and municipal water treatment. 

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