Kostanecki reaction, flavone formation

Although the literature refers to the formation of chromones/coumarins as the Kostanecki reaction (and often the Kostanecki-Robinson reaction) and the synthesis of flavones as the Allan-Robinson reaction, others have chosen to merge the two reactions and refer to both transformations as the Kostanecki-Robinson reaction. This section will follow the latter school of thought, and use the Kostanecki-Robinson (K-R) nomenclature. 

Kojic acid — see also Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-, 3, 611 acylation, 3, 697 application, 3, 880 occurrence, 3, 692 reactions, 3, 714, 715 with amines, 3, 700 with phenylhydrazine, 3, 700 synthesis, 3, 810 Kokusagine occurrence, 4, 989 Kokusaginine occurrence, 4, 989 synthesis, 4, 990 Koopmans theorem, 2, 135 Kostanecki-Robinson reaction chromone and coumarin formation in, 3, 819-821 mechanism, 3, 820 flavones, 3, 819... 

R] (a) Hauser, C. R. Swamer, F. W. Adams, J. T. Org. React. 1954, 8, 59. [R] (b) Ellis, G. P., Chromenes, Chromanones, and Chromones from The Chemistry of Hetereocylic Compounds, Weissberger, A. and Taylor, E. C., eds John Wiley Sons, 1977, vol. 31, New York, p.495. Note The author in the former reference refers to the formation of chromones, coumarins, and flavones as the Kostanecki acylation while the latter author calls the formation of chromones and coumarins the Kostanecki-Robinson reaction. 

This reaction is related to the Allan-Robins on Annulation and Kostanecki Acylation in terms of the formation of flavones. In mechanism, this reaction is related to the Fries Rearrangement. 

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