Flash smelting shaft

A key feature of the Kivcet furnace is the layer of incandescent coke floating on the slag bath at the base of the smelting shaft. The molten phases from the flash burner impinge on the coke layer and trickle through into the slag bath beneath. Reduction occurs within this layer and the main reactions involved are shown in Equations 7.15 to 7.18. Also shown below is the heat of reaction at 1200°C. 

Lead concentrates are dried and fed to a flash burner with 95 per cent oxygen gas, located at the top of a smelting shaft. A high lead slag and some bullion are produced and collect in the base of the furnace. Gases rich in SO2 pass up through a separate off-take shaft to cool and allow volatile lead compounds to sulfate and be separated as a fume for subsequent collection in the waste heat boiler and... 

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