Fischer-Tropsch process: biofuels

Thermochemical biomass-to-liquid (BtL) conversion, involving thermal gasification of the biomass and subsequent synthesis of biofuels by the Fischer-Tropsch process. Various aspects of the use of catalysis in this process are discussed in the several chapters. 

Chadeesingh, R. 2011. The Fischer-Tropsch process. In The Biofuels Handbook, J.G. Speight (Ed.). The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, U.K., Part 3, Chapter 5, pp. 476-517. 

Wright, M.M., Brown, R.C., Boateng, A. A., 2008. Distributed processing of biomass to bio-oil for subsequent production of Fischer—Tropsch liquids. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 2 (3), 229—238. 

The most promising second-generation biofuel technology - ligno-cellulosic processing - is already well advanced. In Europe, for example, three pilot plants have been established, in Sweden, Spain and Denmark. Other technologies to convert biomass into liquid biofuels (BtL) include Fischer-Tropsch biodiesel and bio-DME (dimethyl ether). Demonstration plants are in operation in Germany and Sweden. 

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, http //www.ecn.nl/en/bkm/rd-programme/biofuels-and-refmery-processes/fischer-tropsch/fischer-tropsch-synthesis/... 

Municipal solid waste (MS W) represents a significant resource for energy recovery operations. Energy from waste (EfW) conversion process is considered one of the most efficient commercially available technologies for the production of power, combined heat and power, and liquid biofuels via the Fischer—Tropsch reaction (Howes and Warren, 2013). 

Luque, R., et al., 2012. Design and development of catalysts for Biomass-To-Liquid-Fischer-Tropsch (BTL-FT) processes for biofuels production. Energy and Environmental Science 5 (1), 5186-5202. 

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