Fischer projection formulas tartaric acids

Fischer esterification. See Esterification Esters Fischer projection formulas, 271-272, 278, 280, 292, 595 a-amino acids, 1056, 1103 carbohydrates, 973-974, 1007 of meso stereoisomer, 280 tartaric acids, 286... 

Write a Fischer projection formula for a tartaric acid isomer that is not chiral. 

Convert the following sawhorse formula for one isomer of tartaric acid to a Fischer projection formula. Which isomer of tartaric acid is it ... 

Fischer projection formulas are often used to depict compounds such as glyceraldehyde, lactic acid, and tartaric acid. Draw Fischer projections for both enantiomers of (a) glyceraldehyde, (b) tartaric acid, and (c) lactic acid, and specify the (R) or (S) configuration at each chirality center. [Note that in Fischer projection formulas the terminal carbon that is most highly oxidized is placed at the top of the formula (an aldehyde or carboxylic acid group in the specific examples here).]... 

The Newman representation 25a or 26a of meso-tartaric acid does not have a mirror plane. Why is it different from the Fischer projections in this respect The reason is that the projection formulas represent a particular eclipsed conformation 27 of tartaric acid that does have a mirror plane ... 

Fischer then shows that when the arrangements for the enantio-morphous forms of saccharic acid that are specified by his use in his first article of Van t Hoff s -f and — signs (number 5 = 11 and 9 = 15 of Table I) are given to models, and these are projected as in the case of the tartaric acids, the formulas XII and XIII result. The present author has added the diagrams XI (= XII) and XIV (= XIII) in which the dotted straight line indicates those edges of the tetrahedra that lie in the plane of the paper this line is dotted to indicate that these edges are not... 

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