Firing shrinkage rate

In order to control the firing shrinkage rate of LTCCs which use copper conductor, it is necessary to consider the firing shrinkage rate of the ceramic... 

Mismatches of firing behavior and firing shrinkage rate... 

The concept of the matching of firing shrinkage rates of ceramics and conductors was touched upon in Figure 3-1 in Chapter 3. As suggested there, when there is a mismatch in the contraction coefficient between the ceramic and metal materials, defects are formed at their interface [3,4, 5]. 

Figure 8-5 The relationship between green sheet density and firing shrinkage rate (x and y axes).

Figure 6-4 Chart of the difference in shrinkage rates in the x and y axes in the thickness of green sheets, after casting and after each green sheet is fired.

Water sensitivity and swelling limited weathering resistance needing protection for outdoor use significant shrinkage limited fire ratings except special grades. 

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