Finite source model

Stiller C., Thorud B., Scljcbo S., Mathisen 0., Karoliussen H., Bolland O. (2005) Finite-volume modeling and hybrid-cycle performance of planar and tubular solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 141, 227-240. 

To determine Kffe from Equation (5.32), Kmesh and Kexp must be known. Kme is determined from a finite element analysis of the source model using rigid spring elements. Kexp is usually unknown and must be estimated from analytical or semi empirical models. There exist several semi-empirical expressions for the fastener flexibility (the inverse of the fastener stiffness Kexp) which are used in the industry. Those presented by Huth (reference 5.12) are valid for both metallic and composite (carbon FRF) members. The fastener flexibility for a single-lap joint from (reference 5.12) is ... 

Figure 5.27 Finite element model of concentrically loaded double-lap joint (source model).

With the use of this MDFEA framework, nonlinearities are accounted for in the individual computational modules, such as in ZEUS-NL and VecTorl. The different features of these modules, including finite element model resolutions, theoretical algorithms and numerical techniques, will lead to different accuracy levels and different deviations of strain and stress resultants. Hence, the actual movements and reaction feedbacks at control points will contain errors combined from multiple modules that are difficult to eliminate. Another error source originates from the interface modeling, such as in this case study example in which either rigid or flexible slab assumptions were used. 

The source of the electric field can be an externally applied field, or it can originate in the components of the nuclear potential that are not included in the internal component of the field (that is, the nuclear potential V). Such components arise from the nonspherical nature of the nucleus, the lowest-order term of which is the quadrupole moment. The implementation of a finite-nuclear model is quite straightforward we simply expand the nuclear charge distribution in a series ... 

Physics-Based Ground-Motion Simulation, Fig. 6 Example of a kinematic source model (a) finite slip representation of the 1994 M 6.7 Noithridge earthquake composed of 140 x 140 subfaults (Modified after... 

Boore DM (2009) Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations SMSIM and EXSIM. Bull Seismol Soc Am 99 3202-3216 Conte JP, Peng BF (1997) Fully nonstationary analytical earthquake ground-motion model. J Eng Mech ASCE 12 15-24... 

Figure 10.22 Calculated MWDs of a centre and snrface nodes in the finite difference model at the beginning and after 11 weeks of the degradation for (a) plate of 2 mm and (h) film of 0.3 mm. Source Reproduced from Reference 6 with permission.)...

TRIFOU is a combined Finite Elements/Boundary Integral formulation code. The BIM formulation in vacuum is suitable for NDT simulation where the probe moves in the air around the test block. The FEM formulation needs more calculation time, but tetrahedral elements enable a large variety of specimens and defect geometries to be modelled. TRIFOU uses a formulation of Maxwell Equations using magnetic field vector h, where h is decomposed as h = hs + hr (hj source field, and hr reaction field). 

That analyticity was the source of the problem should have been obvious from the work of Onsager (1944) [16] who obtained an exact solution for the two-dimensional Ising model in zero field and found that the heat capacity goes to infinity at the transition, a logarithmic singularity tiiat yields a = 0, but not the a = 0 of the analytic theory, which corresponds to a finite discontinuity. (Wliile diverging at the critical point, the heat capacity is synnnetrical without an actual discontinuity, so perhaps should be called third-order.)... 

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