Fictitious equilibrium pressure

We can now use the five equilibrium equations, the two ratios of fictitious partial pressures, and the total pressure equation to solve for the equilibrium among the eight species at any given temperature. The initial flame temperature assumed is 3000°K. At this temperature the values of the equilibrium constants (N2) are ... 

The horizontal force of acceleration is Fx = max. By D Alembert s principle the problem may be transformed into one of static equilibrium if the actual accelerating force is replaced by a fictitious inertia force of the same magnitude but the opposite direction, -Fx. The resultant of the gravity force Fy and -Fx is F, and the surface must be normal to the direction of F. Thus tan 0 + ajg. Hence the surface and all planes of equal hydrostatic pressure must be inclined at this angle 0 with the horizontal. 

To obtain the probability for such a fluctuation we introduce another state, state t, which is a fictitious restricted equilibrium system in which (1) the charge distribution is Po and (2) the nuclear polarization is P e, that is same as in the equilibrium state P in which the charge density is pe. We want to calculate the free energy difference, AGo z, between the restricted equilibrium state t and the fully equilibrated state 0. This is the reversible work needed to go, at constant temperature and pressure, from state 0 to state t. 

The Chreedimensional diagram obtained could serve both theoretical and technological computations concerning oxygen enrichment of air on K-clinoptilolite. It is a basis for determining of adsorption isobars, fictitious and real isotherms, as well as thermodynamic data for adsorption from binary C /Nj mixtures. Freundlich and Henry constants (for the real adsorption isotherms) correlated with the equilibrium concentration are useful for computation of the amounts adsorbed at arbitrary partial pressures and equilibrium concentrations. 

For time periods of the order of particle relaxation time, this means that fluctuations of fluid velocity and pressure within the particle specific volume, as well as fluctuations of the local suspension concentration, may be regarded as being equal to similar characteristics in the corresponding fictitious state. As a result, we arrive at the notion of a non-equilibrium state of the suspension in which fluctuations of suspension concentration and fluid velocity do not differ from those in the fictitious homogeneous ( equilibrium ) state while particle velocity fluctuations continue to relax to those specific to the fictitious state. 

It should be pointed out that the pressure indicated on the ordinates of Figure 3.2 is purely fictitious, since the vapor pressure of solid phases is too small to be measured accurately. Figure 3.2b shows the (hypothetical) equilibrium phase diagram of silica, that is, the phase diagram without metastable phases (Fenner, 1913 Sosman, 1955, 1965 see also Kingery et al., 1976 Heimann, 1977). The transformation temperatures between solid silica phases are given at 100 kPa (Ibar) pressure. 

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