Ferromagnetic Materials with Localized Magnetic Moments

2 Ferromagnetic Materials with Localized Magnetic Moments 

Furthermore, it is nowadays opinion that bulk and surface of Gd(0001) couple ferromagnetically instead of antiferromagnetically [103-105]. As described in detail by Bylander and Kleinman [106] the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental data might be caused by a general underestimation of exchange, correlation, and magnetic energy within the FLAPW method which cannot be corrected in the case of Gd. 

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For systems containing localized magnetic moments, the thermopower has not been theoretically investigated in such detail as the resistivity. An expression for the thermopower of ferromagnetic materials with localized moments has been obtained by Kasuya (1959) in both the molecular field approximation and the spin wave approximation. In the former case, Kasuya used a molecular field approximation to obtain the energy spectrum of the conduction electrons and the localized magnetic moments. In addition he assumed that the spin-flip transition probabilities for scattering of electrons by local moments dominate the non-spin-flip transition probabilities. 

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