Ferromagnetic effect

The treatment of systems in a magnetic field follows very closely the development of the thermodynamics of systems in an electrostatic field. We again consider two systems. One is a long solenoid with uniform windings, in empty space. The second is the same solenoid in which the total volume within the solenoid is filled with isotropic matter. Edge effects are neglected. Ferromagnetic effects and hysteresis are omitted. 

This result proves to be valid for all MV — d" pairs with n < 4, provided that the spin core is defined as an ion without extra electron. It is also valid for n > 4 but in such case the spin core must be defined as an ion without extra hole. The ferromagnetic effect of the double exchange is illustrated by Fig. 7. Along with the double exchange, the isotropic exchange interaction plays an important role in MV clusters. This interaction is described by the HDVV spin Hamiltonian ... 

The eddy current method allows to evalute the state of stress in ferromagnetic material. The given method is used for determining own stress as well as that formed in effect of outside load. With regard to physical principles of own stress analysis, the dependence between the magnetic permeability and the distance between atomic surfaces is utilized. 

Suppose now that the sites are not independent, but that addition of a second (and subsequent) ligand next to a previously bound one (characterized by an equilibrium constant K ) is easier than the addition of the first ligand. In the case of a linear receptor B, the problem is fonnally equivalent to the one-dimensional Ising model of ferromagnetism, and neglecting end effects, one has [M] ... 

Erequencies from 1 kHz to 50 MHz are used for various appHcations (3). Ferromagnetic materials have a skin-effect response to eddy currents which restricts the penetration depth. Nonferromagnetic materials on the other hand can be inspected to greater depth. In 6061-T6 aluminum, for example, a cod having a 1-kHz frequency effectively penetrates the surface to a depth of 3.2 mm (1). The same probe in steel penetrates to a depth of 0.5... 

Mechanism of action of nanosized (0.005 - 0.02 p.m) powders of ferromagnetics on biological systems is based on effect of magnetic fields created by ferromagnetic microcrystal assemblies and on specific action of every metal added which determined the field of practical application. 

The macroscopic optical analysis of these effects requires the introduction of two complex indexes of refraction for the ferromagnetic material, one for lefr-circu-larly polarized light and another for right-circularly polarized light, which to first order, are given by... 

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