Ferrocene-functionalized polypyrrole

In the synthesis of ferrocene-functionalized polypyrrole systems, numerous derivatives are readily obtained by substitution at either the 3-position of the ring or on the nitrogen of the pyrrole prior to polymerization. It was reported that polymers with both metallic properties and enhanced solubility may be synthesized by judicious derivatization and choice of polymerization conditions, such as a variety of processing solvents [67, 68]. 

Korri-Youssoufi H, Makrouf B (2001) Electrochemical biosensing of DNA hybridization by electroactive ferrocene functionalized polypyrrole. Synthetic Met 119 265-266... 

The electropolymerization of metallocene-functionalized pyrrole and thiophene has been utilized for the creation of organometallic polypyrroles and polythiophenes.181 241 242 243 Zotti et al. reported the electrochemical homo- and copolymerization of ferrocene-functionalized pyrrole, 177.242 Polymer 179 was prepared via the copolymerization of monomer 177 with pyrrole (Scheme 2.48). This polymer possessed an electrical conductivity of 1.5 X 10-2 S/cm. 

Functionalized conducting monomers can be deposited on electrode surfaces aiming for covalent attachment or entrapment of sensor components. Electrically conductive polymers (qv), eg, polypyrrole, polyaniline [25233-30-17, and polythiophene/23 2JJ-J4-j5y, can be formed at the anode by electrochemical polymerization. For integration of bioselective compounds or redox polymers into conductive polymers, functionalization of conductive polymer films, whether before or after polymerization, is essential. In Figure 7, a schematic representation of an amperomethc biosensor where the enzyme is covalendy bound to a functionalized conductive polymer, eg, P-amino (polypyrrole) or poly[A/-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2 -dithienyl]pyrrole, is shown. Entrapment of ferrocene-modified GOD within polypyrrole is shown in Figure 7. 

Eaves et al. [122] synthesized a redox-active thin film of ferrocene that was covalently attached to polypyrrole (Fig. 3). The inclusion of redox centers in the film was readily achieved by functionalizing the pyrrole nitrogen with the molecular electroactive species. The conductivities were typically 10 to 10 S cm . Golden yellow films were grown in acetonitrile with either O.l M tetrabutylam-monium perchlorate or tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate added as the electrolytic salt. The films exhibited some rectifying behavior, which eventually decayed. The films could also be copolymerized with N-methylpyrrole. 

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