Ferrobacillus

Acid production and corrosion associated with pyritic deposits is caused by Ferrobacillus ferro-oxidans . 

Fig. 2.20 Ferrobacillus ferro-oxidans (NCIB 8 451), bacteria and encrustations of ferric oxides the proportion of bacteria was much increased by Filtering and centrifugation, x 260.

Iron bacteria Filamentous, aerobic bacteria Examples are Crenothrix polyspora and Gallionella ferrugine. Also Leptothrix ochracea, Sidero-capsa and Ferrobacillus sp., and ThiobaciUus ferroxidans. 

Silverman, M.P. Lundrgen, D.G.,1959, Studies on Chemosynthetic Iron Bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. J.Bacteriol. 78 326-331. 

This principal environmental problem posed by coal-cleaning waste is that the pyrite and marcasite in the waste are oxidized to sulfuric acid in the presenee of air, water, Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The sulfuric acid is usually sufficiently concentrated to dissolve numerous metallic constituents and large quantities of iron from the pyrite in the leachate. Any ECT intended to prevent sulfuric acid formation must eliminate either the air, the water, or the oxidizable sulfur compounds in the waste, or inactive Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans by maintaining alkaline conditions. Post-treatment of pile drainage comprises ECTs designed to neutralize the acid in the effluent and remove the metal ions by some sort of precipitation, adsorption, flocculation, or ion-exchange phenomenon. 

Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans and Ferrobacillus sulfooxidans, are all now considered to be T. ferrooxidans. 

Din, G.A., Suzuki, I. and Lees, H., 1967. Carbon dioxide fixation and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase in Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. Can. J. Microbiol., 13 1413— 1420. 

Maciag, J.W. and Lundgren, D.G., 1964. Carbon dioxide fixation in the chemoautotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 17 603—607. 

Margalith,P., Silver, M. and Lundgren, D.G., 1966. Sulfur oxidation by the iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. J. Bacteriol., 92 1706—1709. 

Shafia, F., Brinson, K.R., Heinzman, M.W. and Brady, J.M., 1972. Transition of chemo-lithotrophic Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans to obligate organotrophy and metabolic capabilities of glucose-grown cells. J. Bacteriol., Ill 56—65. 

Unz, R.F. and D.G. Lundgren, 1961. A comparative nutritional study of three chemo-autotrophic bacteria Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Soil Sci., 92 302—313. 

Kinsel NA, Umbreit WW (1964) Method for electrophoresis of culture medium to increase growth of the sulfur-oxidizing iron bacterium Ferrobacillus sulfooxidans. J Bacterid 87 1243-1246 Kitagawa T, Ozaki Y, Teraoka J, Kyogoku Y, Yamanaka T (1977) The pH dependence of the resonance Raman spectra and structural alterations at heme moieties of various c-type cytochromes. Biochim Biophys Acta 494 100-114... 

Other autotrophic organisms include Thiobacillus and Ferrobacillus which are both acidophilic. The acidophilic Thiobacillus thiooxidans was first described in 1922 and has been studied for many years. It is able to oxidize elementary sulphur with the production of sulphuric acid, pH values down to 1.0 or less being reported. T. thiooxidans can metabolize at pH values below 1.0 and can even survive values close to 0, although the pH optimum for its growth is near 3.5. A closely related species, T. fer-... 

Acidophilic Thiobacillus, Ferrobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Ferroglobus, Fe(II) FeS04, FeSj Oxygen, nitrate... 

The oxidation state of arsenic in orpiment (AS2S3) is +3. The mineral has been shown to be oxidized by Ferrobacillus (now Thiobacillus) ferrooxidans strain TM (25) in the absence of added ferrous iron. The experiments were performed in 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing finely ground (63-p.m particle size) orpi-... 

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