Fermentative fuels response

The fermentation stage consumes 65% of the fossil fuel used during PLA production. However, the actual fermentation of starch is not responsible for the majority of the energy use since approximately 50% of the fossil fuel usage during fermentation is due to lactic acid distillation and separation steps and about 40% is attributable to electricity used during fermentation and filtration [27, 43, 46]. 

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