FA folic acid

Figure 9.130 Identification of the products of folic acid C9-N10 cleavage. (A) [2-l4C]folic acid was incubated with FAS and coinjected with pterin-6-aldehyde. Radioactivity was measured in 0.5 niL fractions. (B) [7,9,3, 5 -3H]folic acid was incubated with FAS and coinjected with pterin-6-aldehyde and p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid. Radioactivity was determined in 0.5 mL fractions. Arrows indicate retention volumes of related compounds. Abbreviations P-6-COOH, pterin-6-carboxylic acid 6-HMP, 6-hydroxymethylpterin P-6-CHO, pterin-6-aldehyde FA, folic acid p-ABGA, p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid. (From De Witt et al., 1983.)...

Figure 41 Comparison of PAMAM dendrimers as passive or covalent drug carriers with a folate receptor ligand. FA, folic acid MTX, methotrexate PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. Reproduced with permission from Patti, A. K. Kukowska-Latallo, J. F. Baker, J. R. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2005, 57, 2203. Copyright 2005 Advanced drug delivery reviews.

Figure 43 Folate targeted PAMAM dendrimers. Dose-dependent binding of G5-FI-FA-MTX in KB cells. The cells were maintained in FA-free medium and incubated with different concentrations of the indicated dendrimers for 1 h. The cells were then rinsed and resuspended in PBS buffer, and the fluorescence was measured in a flow cytometer (a). In panel b, the mean cell fluorescence, after being normalized for the fluorescence of standard solutions of the dendrimers, is presented. FA, folic acid MTX, methotrexate. FI, fluorescein isothiocyanate. Reproduced with permission from Thomas, T. P. Majoros, I. J. Kotlyar, A. etal. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 3729 310 Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.

Table 3.1 Folic acid, Bg, B12 and cardiovascular outcomes. This table summarizes all the important double-blind randomized clinical trials with the use of folie acid, Bg and B12 vitamins for cardiovascular disease prevention. 5-MTHF 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate CKD chronic kidney disease CVD cardiovascular disease DVT deep vein thrombosis ESRD end stage renal disease FA folic acid f/u follow-up MI myocardial infarction RR relative risk UA unstable angina.

Fio. 47. Retention factors of pteroyl-oliso-yL-glutamates as a ftinction of the eluent pH. The solid lines were calculated as diKussed in Bush et at. (204). Data were obtained for folic acid (FA) and oligo yglutainates containing one (Ft Glu,), three (Ft GIU ). hve (Ft GtU ), and seven (Ft Glur) utamyl residues. The data were obtained on 5 Partisil ODS-2 with 0.1 M phosphate buffers containing 696 (v/v) acetonitrile as eluent, 4S C, with detection at 254 nra. Reprinted with permission from Bush rf a/. (204). 

Chrumitgeri FA Fermchc] (elemental inw) 4 Bslcr-C . viUirruci Bu (cyanoenhafamin), and folic acid Sovbcan oil, vellow beeswax Lecithin... 

Chromogen FA Ferrous fuiTviralc, nscorbic acid, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin Shell composition is not available ... 

A metabolic pathway that has received considerable attention is the conversion of 2 -deoxyuridine 5 -monophosphate (dUMP, 6.60) to thymidine 5 -monophosphate (TMP, 6.61) (Scheme 6.13). Without an adequate supply of TMP, a cell or bacterium cannot create DNA for cell division. Therefore, blocking TMP synthesis is an attractive method for slowing the advancement of certain cancers and bacterial infections. Important molecules in the methylation of dUMP are the various folic acid derivatives folic acid (FA, 6.62), dihydrofolic acid (DHF, 6.63), tetrahydrofolic acid (THF, 6.64), and N5, A1 "-methylene tetrahydrofolic acid (MTHF, 6.65) (Figure 6.23). These structures... 

This activity (FAS) cleaves folic acid into pterin-6-aldehyde and p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid, and the HPLC assay developed for it involves the separation of the two. 

Figure 5.29. PAMAM dendrimer multifunctional conjugates for cancer treatment. The FA group is a folic acid cancer cell target, and FITC is fluorescein isothiocyanate, used as an imaging agent. Also shown (bottom) is the molecular structure for the anticancer drug, taxol, denoting the -OH group that covalently attaches to the dendrimer. Reproduced with permission from Majoros, I. J. Myc, A. Thomas, T Mehta, C. Baker, J. R. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7, 572. Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society.

FIGURE 35.3 Fluorescence intensity = 450 nm) of 10 oM folic acid (FA) in the absence or presence of p-LG, bovine serum albumin (BSA), or a-lactalbumin (a-LA) before and after 110 min of irradiation at an excitation wavelength of 348 nm (protein concentration is 20 pM). (Reprinted from Food Chemistry, 141(2), Liang, L Zhou, P., and Subirade, M., Protective effect of bovine serum albumin, p-lactoglobulin and a-lactalbumin on photodegradation of folic acid, 655-1572. Copyright 2013, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

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