External clustering process

Most of the change in d/V via the non-selective mode, p = 15 in Fig. 14b, is on toluene, mainly because of the different numbers of constituent atoms in both reactants. Among the site-selective EDM in this figure, which are active in the external CT processes, the most important for the d/V-induced charge redistribution (see Fig. 16b) are modes p = 1,2,4,6,12 the w indices of Fig. 14b show that modes p = 1,2,6,7,10 mainly redistribute electrons inside each reactant (small w values). For d/V > 0, the inflowing electrons through the p = 12 mode are directed mainly to the cluster, while the p = 4 mode exhibits a net cluster - toluene CT. 

As already observed for some isotropic polynuclear clusters [30 - 32], slow relaxation of the magnetization in an external magnetic field can occur because of the inefficient transfer of energy to the environment, for example, the helium bath, and consequent reabsorption of the emitted phonon by the spin system. The phenomenon, also known as phonon bottleneck (PB), was first introduced by Van Vleck [33]. It is characteristic of low temperatures, where relaxation is dominated by the direct process between closely spaced levels, and results from the low density of phonons with such a long wavelength to match the small energy separation... 

Thus, the whole area of fillings for the large lattices considered is concentrated into a narrow range of threshold values of ZB, and ZBpercolation processes, since the sites bound to them are filled through wider bonds. One should expect that nonpercolation bonds have a relatively small effect on diffusion mass transfer that extends from the external surface of a lattice to its bulk. 

High surface area hexagonal mesoporous Ge also can be prepared with oxidative self-polymerization chemistry of [Ge9] clusters [48]. This synthetic route does not require external oxidants such as ferrocenium or linking Ge(lV) centers and occurs in the presence of cationic surfactant (iV-eicosane-A ,A -dimethyl-A -(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium bromide, EDMHEABr) as stmcture-directing agent. The polymerization reaction proceeds through the slow oxidative coupling of (Ge9)-clusters and seems to be accompanied by a two-electron process (2). The electron acceptors in this case appear to be the surfactant molecules or the solvent. 

Uptake of low-density lipoprotein has been studied479 as a prototype of a receptor-mediated pathway for internalization of external macromolecules. It is a coupled process by which selected, extracellular proteins or peptides are first bound to specific, cell-surface receptors, and then rapidly internalized by the cell. Internalization follows clustering of receptors in specialized regions of the cell surface, called coated pits, that invaginate, to form coated vesicles. 

After thermalization, the defects begin to migrate, recombine, cluster, or precipitate provided the temperature is high enough to activate the motion of point defects. The various possible processes depend on defect concentration and their spatial distribution as well as on defect mobility and their interaction energies. As in non-metallic crystals, internal and external surfaces act as sinks for at least a part of the radiation induced defects in metals. 

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