Extended physiological proprioception

Simpson, D.C., The choice of control system for the multi-movement prosthesis extended physiological proprioception (e.p.p.). In The Control of Upper-Extremity Prostheses and Orthoses Ch. 15, pp. 146-150,1973. 

If a further constraint is added whereby the input and output are physically (mechanically) linked such that change in position of the output cannot occur without a change in position of the input and vice versa, then as is the case in the power steering example, the system becomes what Simpson (1974) called an unbeatable position servomechanism or a system that has inherent extended physiological proprioception (EPP). Unbeatable servomechanisms are a subset of position servomechanisms as a whole where the input and output must move together. One cannot beat the other. 

In contrast, Simpson (1974) advocated augmented cable control. He coined the phrase extended physiological proprioception (EPP) to indicate that the body s own natural physiological sensors are used to relate the state of the prosthetic arm to the operator. EPP can be thought of as the extension of one s proprioceptive feedback into an intimately linked inanimate object. Consider a tennis player hitting a ball with a tennis racquet. The player does not need to visually monitor the head of the racquet to know where it will strike the ball. Through experience, the tennis player knows how heavy and how long the tennis racquet is. He or she knows where in space the head of... 

Carlson, L. E., and Primmer, K. R. (1978). Extended physiological proprioception for electric prostheses. In Advances in External CorUrol of Human Extremities, Proceedings of the 6th Interruttional Symposium on External Control of Human Extremities, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Committee for Electronics and Automation (ETAN), Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Aug. 28th-Sept. 1st. 

Doubler, J. A. (1982). An Analysis of Extended Physiological Proprioception as a Control Technique for Upper-Extremity Prostheses, Ph.D. tUssertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois,... 

Doubler, J. A., and Childress, D. S. (1984a). An analysis of extended physiological proprioception as a control technique. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 5-18. 

Simpson, D. C. (1974). The choice of control system for the multimovement prosthesis extended physiological proprioception (EPP). In The Control of Upper-Extremity Prostheses and Orthoses, Proceedings of the Conference on the Control of Upper-Extremity Prostheses and Orthoses, Goteborg, Sweden, October 6-8,1971, Herberts, P., Kadefors, R., Magnusson, R. I., and Peters6n, I., (eds.), Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Ills., pp. 146-150. 

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