Extended duration bupivacaine

Generic Names extended-duration bupivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine... 

The addition of epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor, to an injectable anesthetic prolongs the duration of anesthesia and decreases the rate of systemic absorption, thereby decreasing the risk of systemic toxicity. The duration of some anesthetics, such as bupivacaine, a long-acting anesthetic, cannot be significantly extended by adding epinephrine. Epinephrine also decreases local bleeding. Effective vasoconstriction is obtained with a concentration of 1 to 100,000 or even 1 to 200,000. The usual... 

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