Exponential arithmetic multiplication

A major benefit of presenting numbers in scientific notation is that it simplifies common arithmetic operations. The simplifying abilities of scientific notation cire most evident in multiplication and division. (As we note in the next section, addition and subtraction benefit from exponential notation but not necesscirily from strict scientific notation.)... 

Figure 6.9. Multiple Cycles of the Polymerase Chaiu Reactiou. The two short strands produced at the end of the third cycle (along with longer stands not shown) represent the target sequence. Subsequent cycles will amplify the target sequence exponentially and the parent sequence arithmetically.

The arithmetic operators are addition (-I-), subtraction (-), multiplication ( ), division (/) and exponentiation ( ). Other types of operator are described in Chapter 3. 

The arithmetic operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation are familiar ones and have already been mentioned in Chapter 1. 

If two PGR primers include elements that cannot be replicated, an exponential expansion is reduced to arithmetic accumulation. However, if multiple nested sets of internal primers (also nonreplicable) are included, product accumulation (at least in theory) can approach that of PCR. This process is known as linked linear amplification. It requires a polymerase, several sets of nested primer pairs, and thermal cycling similar to PCR. ... 

The arithmetic operations in a spreadsheet are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation (which uses the symbol ). The order of operations in formulas is first, followed by and / (evaluated in order from left to right as they appear), finally followed by + and — (also evaluated from left to right). Make liberal use of parentheses to be sure that the computer does what you intend. The contents of parentheses are evaluated first, before carrying out operations outside the parentheses. Here are some examples ... 

Lua supports the usual array of arithmetic operators + for addition, - for subtraction, for multiplication, / for division, % for modulo, for exponentiation and unitary - before any number. The supported relational operators are ... 

---