Experimental Results with Ionizing Radiation

Recentlythe data on chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiation have been reviewed. This discussion can therefore be confined to those results which allow direct comparison with the mutagenic action of chemicals. 

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However, we would like to point here not to the differences between the equilibrium tunneling mechanism and the above examples of mechanisms of the nonequilibrium type in low-temperature chemical conversions, but, on the contrary, to a simplifying assumption which relates them but which has to be rejected in a number of cases—and that is the subject matter of this chapter. In the above models the solid matrix itself was considered, in essence, from a special point of view, namely, as an ideal system, devoid of defects, which is in mechanical equilibrium. In other words, the fact that the systems in question are significantly out of equilibrium with respect to their mechanoenergetic state was ignored. This property of the experimentally studied samples was the result of both their preparation conditions and the ionizing radiation. 

The material in this text refers only to ionizing radiation. Specifically, it deals with detection instruments and methods, experimental techniques, and analysis of results for radiation in the energy range shown in Table 1.1. Particles with energies listed in Table 1.1 are encountered around nuclear reactors, around installations involving production or use of natural or manufactured radioisotopes, and also around low-ener accelerators. Not included in Table... 

Several ofthe problems with the agreements between published theoretical results and experimental results have recently been discussed in the literature. See for example. Comment on Effects of Ionizing Radiation on... 

Figure 7. ScFv 18-2 prolongs the lifetime of y-H2AX foci. (A) SK-MELr-28 cells were injected with scFv 18-2 or with scFv 147 and irradiated at 1.5 Gy. Cells were fixed at 30 min or 90 min cfier irradiation and stained with DAPI, anti-y-H2AX antibody, and anti-GFP antibody as described in Materials and Methods. Cells were imaged using filters to detect each fluorophore separately. (B) As in panel A, except with 0.1 Gy of ionizing radiation. Scale bar indicates 10 pm in both panels. There were 50-100 successfully injected cells in each experimental group, and results shown are typical. These data have been published in a different format elsewhere (Reproduced with permission from reference 26. Copyright 2003 Oxford...

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