EXPECTORANTS, ANTITUSSIVES, AND RELATED AGENTS

EXPECTORANTS, ANTITUSSIVES AND RELATED AGENTS] (Vol 9) Emetine hydrochloride [316-42-7]... 

Sodium iodide [7681-82-5] Nal, mol wt 149.92, mp 662°C, 84.66% I, forms colorless cubic crystals, which are soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. It is used in photography, for the production of organic chemicals, and as an expectorant in cough medicines. Nal is separated by addition of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to an acidic iodide solution (see also Expectorants, antitussives, and related agents). 

Uses. In many cases cyanoacetic acid, cyanoacetates, or cyanoacetamide can be used alternatively. The traded cyanoacetic acid is mainly iatended for the synthesis of the cough remedy dextromethorphan [125-71-3] (31) (61) (see Expectorants, antitussives, and related agents) and of the fungicide cymoxanil [57966-95-7] (32) (62) (see Fungicides,agricultural). 

Codeine, mol wt 299.3, is a significantly less potent analgesic than morphine, requiring 60 mg (0.20 mmol) to equal the effectiveness of 10 mg (0.04 mmol) of morphine. However, codeine is orally effective, and it is less addictive and associated with less nausea than morphine. Codeine is used as an antitussive agent, although newer, nonaddictive agents are preferred (see Expectorants, antitussives, and related agents). 

See Antiasthmatic agents Expectorants, antitussives, and related agents Prostaglandins. 

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