Exchange between clays, kinetics

Yang MH, Flyim CP (1994) Intrinsic diffusion properties of an oxide MgO. Phys Rev Lett 73 1809-1812 Yaqian Q, Jibao G (1993) Study of hydrogen isotope equilibrium and kinetic fractionation in the ilvaite-water system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57 3073-30082 Yeh HW, Savin SM (1976) The extent of oxygen isotope exchange between clay minerals and seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40 743-748... 

Bottcher and coworkers were the first to report the preparation of polymer clay nanocomposites by ATRP [20]. ATRP initiator-modified layered silicate was prepared by ion exchange between clay and l,T-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide)undecanyl-2-bromoisobutyrate in-situ ATRP was carried out to grow polymer chains from the clay surface. In-situ ATRP between individual silicate layers leads to the direct synthesis of dispersed silicate nanocomposites. Their kinetics study and molecular weight analysis demonstrated that the polymerization followed the ATRP mechanism. 

The collision of one particle with another (or with the walls of its container) is completely elastic. This means that when two particles collide, they may exchange energy, but there is no overall loss of energy. Any kinetic energy lost by one particle is completely gained by the other. In other words, the particles have no stickiness, and they are not deformed by the collision. An encounter between two particles in kinetic molecular theory is more like the collision between two billiard balls than the collision between two lumps of clay (Figure 5.16 r). Between collisions, the particles do not exert any forces on one another. 

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