Boiling, evaporation

Eindampfapparat, m. evaporating apparatus, eindampfen, v.i. become thickened by evaporation, boil down. 

A heat transfer comparison is made in Figure 10-157. The plate and frame designs are used in convection, condensing, and some evaporation/boiling applications. 

In the flash evaporator, boiling in the actual tubes is suppressed and the superheated liquor is flashed into a separator operating at reduced pressure. Whilst the high heat transfer rates... 

FIGURE 4.7 Maple syrup produced in paired evaporators boiling sap from the same source on the same dates. The evaporator that produced the syrup on the top was the standard, control evaporator. The syrup on the bottom was produced in an identical evaporator equipped with air injection. 

Purposes These models can speciate an aqueous solution, just as the speciation models do. They can also simulate changes in solution chemistry caused by mass transfer processes, such as dissolution/precipitation, ingassing/outgassing, ion exchange/adsorption, evaporation, boiling temperature and pressure changes, and mixing of two waters. 

Flash fire Two-phase discharge, rain-out, evaporation/boil-off, heavy gas dispersion... 

Evolution of dissolved gasses and dissolved air which may come out during evaporation/boiling. The boiling can be violent if gas quantity is more. 

Alcohols contain a C-O-H structure, with the oxygen atom lying between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom. Ethers contain a C-O-C structure, with the oxygen atom lying between two carbons atoms. The difference in structure explains different properties such as volatility (how easily they evaporate), boiling points, and solubility in common solvents. 

Identify each of the following changes of state as evaporation, boiling, or condensation ... 

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