Evaluating the Performance of CLs

In general, the performance of PEFCs can be rated based on the dependenee of the fuel cell working voltage on current density, i.e.,. The deviations of 

At stack and system levels, additional factors due to non-optimal reactant consumption have to be taken into account in evaluating the overall energy efficiency. 

If we only focus on the operation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), E mainly includes irreversible voltage losses due to proton conduction in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and voltage losses due to transport and electrocatalytic activation of ORR in CCLs, 

The problem is that experimentally determined (io) relations are usually 

AID model for the physical evaluation of effects of structure and distributed processes on stationary catalyst layer performance requires a minimum of two 

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