Evaluating possible mixed reaction mechanisms

The EM and titration data are also essential to evaluate the possibility of mixed reaction mechanisms. For example, both FTIR and EXAFS can be used to determine the presence of specific bonds or complexes. Pure inner-and outer-sphere complexes may in fact be endmembers in some systems, while a mixture of hydrated and nonhydrated bonds may result in average hydration values intermediate between zero and one. Indifferent ions such as Cl, CIO/, NOj, Na and do not shift the PZC of oxides (6). In contrast, 804 has been found to adsorb specifically and produce a shift in the PZC of hematite... 

The reduction of the mixed-metal complex in mildly alkaline solutions requires the transfer of eight electrons, and seven hydroxyl ions are formed, as shown in Eq. (32). Consequently, the evaluation of a detailed mechanism, including the sequence of transfer of protons and electrons, the possible adsorbed intermediates and the rate-determining step or steps, seem like an impossible task. This is true in particular in view of the fact (discussed in Section 1.2.2 above), that there are several reactions... 

In order to gauge the relative importance and possible interaction between turbulence and chemical reactions, it is necessary to evaluate the various processes involved in reactive mixing. When a fluid element of different component (tracer) is added to the turbulent flow field, molecular mixing (and reaction, if possible) proceeds through several steps/mechanisms, some of which are listed below ... 

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