Ethyl benzene boiling point

Ethyl benzene (boiling point 136.2°C) and styrene (boiling point 145.2 C) are separated by continuous distillation in a column operated under a vacuum to keep the temperature under 110°C and to avoid styrene polymerization. The feed is... 

Figure 7 Benzene-ethyl alcohol boiling-point diagram at 1.0 atm. Data from same source as Fig. 6.

The following liquids may be used (boiling points are given in parentheses) — chlorobenzene (132-3°) bromobenzene (155°) p cymene (176°) o-dichloro-benzene (180°) aniline (184°) methyl benzoate (200°) teti-alin (207°) ethyl benzoate (212°) 1 2 4-trichlorobenzene (213°) iaopropyl benzoate (218°) methyl salicylate (223°) n-propyl benzoate (231°) diethyleneglycol (244°) n-butyl benzoate (250°) diphenyl (255°) diphenyl ether (259°) dimethyl phth ate (282°) diethyl phthalate (296°) diphenylamine (302°) benzophenone (305)° benzyl benzoate (316°). 

Selection of solvents. The choice of solvent will naturally depend in the first place upon the solubility relations of the substance. If this is already in solution, for example, as an extract, it is usually evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and then dissolved in a suitable medium the solution must be dilute since crystallisation in the column must be avoided. The solvents generally employed possess boiling points between 40° and 85°. The most widely used medium is light petroleum (b.p. not above 80°) others are cycZohexane, carbon disulphide, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ether and acetic acid. 

By-products from EDC pyrolysis typically include acetjiene, ethylene, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1,3-butadiene, vinylacetylene, benzene, chloroprene, vinyUdene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane [71-55-6] and other chlorinated hydrocarbons (78). Most of these impurities remain with the unconverted EDC, and are subsequendy removed in EDC purification as light and heavy ends. The lightest compounds, ethylene and acetylene, are taken off with the HCl and end up in the oxychlorination reactor feed. The acetylene can be selectively hydrogenated to ethylene. The compounds that have boiling points near that of vinyl chloride, ie, methyl chloride and 1,3-butadiene, will codistiU with the vinyl chloride product. Chlorine or carbon tetrachloride addition to the pyrolysis reactor feed has been used to suppress methyl chloride formation, whereas 1,3-butadiene, which interferes with PVC polymerization, can be removed by treatment with chlorine or HCl, or by selective hydrogenation. 

The lactone is prepared as follows A solution of 5 parts of 17a-carboxyethyl-17/3-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one lactone and 5 parts of chloranil in 400 parts of xylene containing a trace of p-toluenesulfonic acid is heated at the boiling point of the solvent under reflux overnight. The solution is then cooled and filtered through approximately 200 parts of silica gel. The gel is successively washed with 5%, 10%, and 15% ethyl acetate-benzene... 

The reaction mixture is cooled and 50 grams of ammonium chloride dissolved in 200 cc of water is added dropwise thereto with stirring. The decomposed Grignard complex is then filtered. Benzene is added to the ether filtrate and the solvents are removed therefrom on a steam bath. The residue is fractionated and the base, N-((3-cyclohexyl- 3-hydroxy- 3-phenyl-ethyl)N -methylpiperazine, is obtained as a liquid having a boiling point of 196° to 203°C at a pressure of 4.0 mm. 

A. Ethyl 3-methylcoumarilate. Dry sodium phenolate (116 g., 1 mole) (Note 1) and 1 1. of dry thiophene-free benzene (Note 2) arc placed in a 2-1. three-necked flask fitted with mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel, and reflux condenser with drying tube. The suspension is heated to the boiling point on the steam bath, heating is moderated, and 165 g. (1 mole) of ethyl a-chloroaceto-acetate (Note 3) is added with stirring through the dropping... 

The separation of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes) from mefhane to n-decane aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is challenging since the boiling points of fhese hydrocarbons are in a close... 

After cooling the benzene solution is extracted with 10% hydrochloric acid then the aqueous solution is saturated with potassium carbonate. The separated oil is extracted with ether and, after drying on sodium sulfate, the solvent is removed and the residue is vacuum distilled. So the N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-N-(n-butyl)-l-naphthalenecarboxamide, boiling point 178°C/0.1 mm/Hg. 

A mixture of 560 g of potassium carbonate, 700 ml of ethanol (96%), 404 g of 1,3-dibromopropane and 260 g of ethyl acetoacetate was heated with stirring to go 60°C. After the reaction had subsided, the reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. Then the bulk of the alcohol was distilled off under ordinary pressure and the residue was mixed with 1.5 L of water. The resulting oily layer was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with benzene and the benzene layer was combined with the oil. After drying with sodium sulfate the benzene was distilled off and the residue was fractionally distilled 250 g (73% of theory) of 2-methyl-3-carbethoxy-5,6-dihydropyrane of boiling point 105°-108°C were obtained. 

Preparation of N-(3-chloropropyl)-N -[2-(l,3-dioxanyl)-ethyl]-piperazine A solution of 30 g (0.15 mol) of N-[2-(l,3-dioxanyl)-ethyl]-piperazine and 11.8 g (0.075 mol) of l-bromo-3-chloropropane in 150 ml of dry benzene was refluxed with stirring for 5 hours. After cooling, the N-[2-(l,3-dioxanyl)-ethyl]-piperazinium bromide which had precipitated was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residual oil was distilled. 14.1 g (68%yield) of N-(3-chloropropyl)-N -[2-l,3-dioxanyl)-ethyl]-piperazine which occurred as a light yellow oil were obtained. Boiling point 152°C to 155°C under 0.07 mm Hg (nD23 = 1.49 40). The disuccinate prepared in acetone and recrystallized from acetone melts at 104°C to 105°C on a hot stage microscope. 

Ethylsilicate-32 is a mixture containing tetraethoxysilane and oligoeth-oxysiloxanes in various ratios. It is a transparent liquid, which is relatively easy to hydrolyse with water. The hydrolysis of ethylsilicate is accompanied by further condensation of hydrolysis products, including the formation of an amorphous substance (Si02)x- In contact with naked flame bums in air. It dissolves well in benzene, toluene or xylene and completely dissolves in ethyl alcohol. The boiling point of ethylsilicate-32 is above 110 °C (at 0.1 MPa). 

Raw stock magnesium chipping ethyl bromide (the boiling point is not less than 35 °C, d4° = 1.420- 1.445) diethyl ether (d420 0.714 0.715) benzene (the density is 0.8770-0.8791 g/cm3) tin tetrachloride (anhydrous, the boiling point is 114-115 °C) caprylic acid (the boiling point is 239-240 °C, d420 = 0.9089) potassium hydroxide (technical product). Ethyl bromide, diethyl ether and benzene are dried before use with calcium chloride. 

Raw stock phosphorus thiotrichloride (the boiling point is 124-125 °C, PCI3 content is not more than 3%) absoluted ethyl alcohol (the alcohol content is at least 99.7%, aldehyde content is not more than 20 mg/1) sodium hydroxide is flaky solid NaOH, type A (NaOH content is at least 95%) liquid caustic (the density is 1.44 g/cm3, NaOH concentration is at least 42%) benzene (the boiling point is 80.1 °C, the density is 0.875-0.88 g/cm3) /7-nitrophenol (the melting point is 114 °C, the density is 1.479 g/cm3 it dissolves badly in water but well in organic solvents in the diy form explodes by shock) hydrochloric acid (the density is 1.19 g/cm3, HCI content is 27.5%) soda Na2C03 (the density is 2.53 g/cm3, it dissolves well in water). 

Phosphorus(V) sulfochloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with boiling point 125° and specific gravity 1.635. The alpha form solidifies at —40.8°, while the beta form solidifies at —36.2°.7 The compound hydrolyzes slowly in water and rapidly in alkaline solution. In water, the hydrolysis products are orthophosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. Phosphorus (Y) sulfochloride is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and chloroform. It reacts with ethanol, yielding O-ethyl dichlorothiophosphate8 (synthesis 25). 

The ethyl and methyl esters have been prepared by the usual methods. Thus (C2H5)4P207 by the action of C2H5I on Ag4P207 at 100° C. The product was a liquid soluble both in water and in alcohol.3 The elevation of the boiling-point of benzene by this ester corresponded to simple molecules.4 The decomposition of the ester on heating supports the asymmetrical constitution —... 

---