Ethers synthesis from

Oxetanes are commonly obtained by intramolecular ether synthesis from a suitably functionalized alcohol. Leaving groups employed include halides, tosylates, and others. The base can range from an alkoxide to a non-nucleophilic amine. 

Oxetanes are commonly obtained by intramolecular ether synthesis from a suitably functionalized alcohol. Leaving groups employed include halides, tosylates, and others. The base can range from an alkoxide to a non-nucleophilic amine . The classical, straightforward approach to 2-oxetanones (-lactones) is by the lacto-nization of the salts of -halocarboxylic acids and similar precursors . Thietanes and -thio-lactones are obtained analogously . 

The anethole ring has two functional groups - an ether and a hydrocarbon side chain with a double bond. The ether is synthesized first - by a Williamson ether synthesis from phenol and CH3I. The hydrocarbon side chain results from a Friedel-Crafts acylation of the ether. Reduction of the ketone, bromination and dehydrohalogenation are used to introduce the double bond. 

Ether synthesis from olefins and alcohols, Grady and Chokski have reported a two-step synthesis of ethers. An olefin (1) is treated with an anhydrous alcohol in the pre.sence of NBS to give a bromo ether (2) in about 50-60 % yield. The bromo ether is then reduced with tri-n-butyltin hydride to give the ether (3) in yields of 70-90%. o... 

Quach, T. D., Batey, R. A. CopperfllFCatalyzed Ether Synthesis from Aliphatic Alcohols and Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts. Org. Lett. 2003, 5,1381-1384. 

This ether is prepared by the Williamson ether synthesis from alcohols and phenols using a-bromomethylstyrene. It is cleaved by treating the ether in THF with f-BuLi at —78°C for 30 min (75-97% yield). The phenallyl ether can be cleaved in the presence of an allyl ether. Phenallyl amines and amides are cleaved similarly. Cleavage occurs by an addition of the alkyllithium to the olefin followed by elimination. 

Williamson synthesis Ether synthesis from alcohols and RBr (esp. ArCH2Br) is accomplished with NaH in DMF at room temperature. 

Alkylations. An ether synthesis from alcohols and alkyl bromides is promoted by CsOH and BU4NI in the presence of molecular sieves 4A in DMF at room temperature. 

Lu W-Z, Teng L-H, Xiao W-D. Simulation and experiment study of dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas in a fluidized bed reactor. Chem. Eng. Sd. 2004 59 5455. 

Almost all LC-polyethers mentioned in this section were prepared via the Williamson ether synthesis from a mesogenic diphenol and (di)bromoalkanes. For instance a linear LC-polyether was obtained from the cesium salt of a diazine-diphenol and 1,10-dibromodecane in NMP (210) [323]. In two cases, (211) [324] and (209) [325] interfacial polycondensation were performed using sodium hydroxide in combination with a phase-transfer catalyst and an organic solvent. Almost all LC-polyethers prepared in this... 

Kang SW, Bae JW, Jun KW, Potdar HS (2008) Dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas over the composite catalysts of Cu-ZnO-Al203/Zr-modified zeolites. Catal Commun 9 2035-2039... 

Zha F, Tian H, Yan J, Chang Y (2013) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as catalyst promoter for dimethyl ether synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. Appl Surf Sci 285B 945-951... 

An X, Zuo YZ, Zhang Q, Wang DZ, Wang IF (2008) Dimethyl ether synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation on aCuO—ZnO-Al203—Z1O2/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst. Ind Eng Chem... 

Gao W, Wang H, Wang Y, Guo W, Jia M (2013) Dimethyl ether synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation on La-modified Cu0-Zn0-Al203/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalysts. J Rare Earths 31 470 76... 

Figure 9-5 The mechanism of cyclic ether synthesis from a bromoalcohol and hydroxide ion upper reactions). A competing but slower side reaction, direct displacement of bromide by hydroxide, is also shown jower reaction). The curved lines denote a chain of carbon atoms.

Symmetrical Ether Synthesis from a Primary Alcohol with Strong Acid... 

Mechanism of Ether Synthesis from Primary Alcohols Protonation and Sn2... 

An interesting comparison of catalytic activities of synthetic beidellite and montmorillonite and PILCS prepared from them was recently reported [69]. The reactions examined included secondary amine formation from cyclohexylamine, ester production from 1-hexene and acetic acid and ether synthesis from pentanol. In all cases, the reactivity of the PILCS was much lower than that of the unpillared clays, whereas the montmorillonite was generally more effective than the beidellite. These results are not surprising in that all of the reactions are Br<(Jnsted-acid-catalyzed and the observed decreased activity of the PILCS may derive from a greater loss of protons to the layers by the pillared clays. This is also in keeping with the findings of Occelli and Tindwa [5] that the PILCS are mainly Lewis acids after heat treatment. 

The product has two ether groups, each of which can be formed via a Williamson ether synthesis, from the dianion shown. 

---