Ethanolamine glycerophospholipids

In the present study, we compared the molecular species composition of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of the frontal cortex of monkeys fed three different diets a control soy-oil (n-3 fatty acid sufficient) diet, a safflower-oil (n-3 fatty acid deficient) diet, or a fish-oil diet rich in several n-3 fatty acids (Table 1) (Hargreaves and Clandinin, 1988). Our results demonstrated the decisive effect of different dietary fatty acids upon the composition of the molecular species of brain phospholipids. These 80 odd different molecular species provide insights into the widespread biochemical diversity imposedby the different diets. 

The safflower- and fish-oil diets had a great effect upon the proportions of molecular-species containing 22 6n-3 within the diacyl subclass of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of the cerebral cortex (Table 3). Fish oil, which was fed to monkeys made deficient in n-3 fatty acids by prior feeding of the safflower-oil diet, raised the proportion of the species 18 0-22 6 to over 42% of total species (Fig. 4). This change was accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in species containing 22 5n-6, which rose in safflower-oil-fed animals (Fig. 5). 

Fig. 4. Diet-induced changes in the proportion of diacyl ethanolamine glycerophospholipids molecular species containing 22 6n-3. Monkeys fed the safflower-oil and fish-oil diets had values significantly different from the soy-oil-fed monkeys and from each other see Table 3).

Careaga-Houck M, Sprecher H. Effect of a fish oil diet on the composition of rat neutrophils lipids and the molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. J Lipid Res 1989 30 237-247. 

Yeo YK. Philbrick DJ, Holub BJ. Altered acyl chain compositions of alkylacyl, alkenylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in rat heart by dietary fish oil. Biochem Biophys Acta 1989 1001 25-30. 

The rate of phospholipid synthesis in the brain in vivo was reported to decrease in n-3 fatty acid deficient free-moving rats (Gazzah, 1995). When isolated synaptosomal fractions were examined, the rate of phospholipid synthesis from labeled ethanolamine or serine was found not to differ between safflower-oil and perilla-oil groups. However, the rate of formation of the lyso form of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids from labeled... 

Myocardial ischemia is accompanied by the release of arachidonic acid and the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (cf, Corr et al., 1984). Arachidonic acid is predominantly stored in choline- and ethanolamine-glycerophospholipids in myocardium. Thus, these findings demonstrate that phospholipase A2 is activated during myocardial ischemia. Since lyso-phospholipids are potent amphiphilic compounds which have profound effects on the physical propwties of myocardial sarcolemma, the accumulation of these moieties has also been implicated in arrhythmogenesis. 

Hazen, S. L., C. R. Hall, D. A. Ford, and R. W. Gross. 1993. Isolation of a human myocardial cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform. Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography identification of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid substrates. J CUnIme 91(6) 2513-22. 

Wildsmith, K. R., C. J. Albert, F. F. Hsu, J. L.-F. Kao, and D. A. Ford. 2006. Myeloperoxidase-derived 2-chlorohexadecanal forms Schiff bases with primary amines of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and lysine. Chem Phvs Lin ids 139 157-170. 

Figure 9.12 Direct electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of human erythrocyte plasma membrane phospholipids (A) A positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrum of erythrocyte plasma membrane phospholipid extract showing 14 molecular species of glycerophospholipids and 4 molecular species of sphingomyelin (B) A negative-ion ESI mass spectrum of the same extract of plasma membrane phospholipids showing more than 25 molecular species of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and 8 molecular species of serine and inositol glycerophospholipids. Reprinted with permission from Han, X. and Gross, R. W., Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopic analysis of human erythrocyte plasma membrane phospholipids, Proc. Natl Acad. Scl USA, 91(22), 10635-9. Copyright (1994) National Academy of Sciences, USA.

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