Ethanol as motor fuel

H. L. MuUer and S. P. Ho, "Economics and Energy Balance of Ethanol as Motor Fuel," paper presented at 1986 SpringAIChE Mational Meeting, New Orleans, La., Apr. 1986. 

In the World War II era, 72 percent of U.S. ethanol was derived from molasses fermentation. By 1978 the balance was 90 percent from direct catalytic hydration and the rest from fermentation. In 1998 the balance had returned to the dominance of fermentation, with 83 percent of the 10 billion lb of U.S. ethanol made in this way. The recent swing toward fermentation is due to the use of 90 percent of the fermentation ethanol as motor fuel, as a result of post-oil-embargo U.S. government policy. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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