Ethane structure drawings

Draw an electron dot and a structural formula for the molecule C2H6 (ethane) which forms if two CH3 molecules are brought together. Explain why C2He is much less reactive than CH3. 

On another sheet of paper, draw the structural formula for ethane. 

Figure 11.3. The hep structure of ethane, (a) A projection on the base for four unit cells with heights along c0 are shown. (b) A packing drawing of four C2H6 molecules as projected on a vertical plane indicated by a dot-and-dash line in (a). Letters identify corresponding molecules in (a) and (b).

Fig. 11 is a drawing of a two-dimensional analogue of the electron-domain model of ethane. Large circles represent valence-shell electron-domains (superimposed on them are the valence strokes of classical structural theory). Plus signs represent protons of the "C—H bonds. The nuclei of the two carbon atoms are represented by small dots in the trigonal interstices of the electron-pair lattice. While these nuclei would not necessarily be in the centers of their interstices, exactly, it can be asserted that an (alchemical) insertion of the two protons on the... 

There are various ways to drawing structures of organic molecules. A molecule like ethane can be drawn showing every C-C and C-H bond. However, this becomes difficult particularly with more complex molecules, and it is much easier to miss out the C-H bonds ... 

We can draw many structures for ethane, differing only in how one methyl group is twisted in relation to the other one. Such structures, differing only in rotations about a single bond, are called conformations. Two of the infinite number of conformations of ethane are shown in Figure 2-20. Construct a molecular model of ethane, and twist the model into these two conformations. 

The structure of the normal butane molecule, /1-C4H10, is shown in the adjacent drawing. (The prefixed letter n in the formula is the abbreviation for normal.) The bond lengths and bond angles have the same values as in ethane. The zigzag chain of carbon atoms and the positions of the hydrogen atoms correspond to the stable (staggered) orientation about each of the four carbon-carbon bonds. The n-butane molecule thus presents us with no surprises. 

In aqueous solution, acetaldehyde (ethanal) is about 50% hydrated. Draw the structure of the hydrate of acetaldehyde. Under the same conditions, the hydrate of W,W-dimethylformamide is undetectable. Why the difference ... 

What kind of compound is ethane Describe the formation of ethane from carbon and hydrogen atoms, and draw the electron dot structure of ethane. 

Draw the three-dimensional structure of ethane (C2He). 

The three-dimensional character of atoms and molecules is difficult to portray without models or computer-generated drawings. Methane and ethane are shown here in Lewis structure and line structure form ... 

PROBLEM 1.9 Using the structure of ethane as a guide, draw the structure for propane, CjHg. 

Two of the possible conformations of ethane staggered and eclipsed. Interconversion is easy via a 60° rotation about the C—C bond, as shown by the curved arrows. The structures at the left are spacefilling models. In each case, the next structure is a dash-wedge structure, which, if viewed as shown by the eyes, converts to the sawhorse" drawing, or the Newman projection at the right, an end-on view down the C—C axis, in the Newman projection, the circie represents two connected carbon atoms. Bonds on the front carbon go to the center of the circie, and bonds on the rear carbon go oniy to the edge of the circie. 

The next simplest alkane is ethane, C2 (>- To draw the structural formula of ethane, we remove a hydrogen atom from methane and replace it with a methyl (—CH3) group. 

The difficulty of representing the real, dynamic, three-dimensional structure of ethane should be more apparent to you now. In the real world, there is not often the time to draw out carefully a good representation of even as simple a molecule as ethane. The solid and dashed wedges of Rgure 2.25 are the traditional attempts at adding a three-dimensional feel to the two-dimensional drawing. More complicated molecules can raise horrendous problems. Adequate codes are needed, and you must learn to see past the coded structures to the real molecules both easily and quickly. It s worth considering here, at this very early point, some of the pitfalls of the various schemes. 

Although there is only 1 possible structure for methane, ethane, and propane, as shown in Active Figure 21.2, there are 2 possible isomers of butane, shown in Figure 21.3(a). Pentane has 3 isomers (Fig. 21.3[b]). There are 5 isomeric hexanes, 9 heptanes, and 75 possible decanes. It is possible to draw over 300,000 isomeric structures... 

Because symmetry orbitals depend on symmetry and not on finer details of molecular structure, they recur again and again in molecules of similar symmetry. For instance, the a and e combinations of hydrogen coefficients discussed above for ammonia will be found for hydrogen AOs in staggered or eclipsed ethane (see the drawings in Fig. 13-14, for instance) and for carbon AOs in MOs for cyclopropenyl (Chapter 8). Because symmetry requirements transcend the differences between various approximate methods... 

Atomic Structure The Nucleus Atomic Structure Orbitals 4 Atomic Structure Electron Configurations 6 Development of Chemical Bonding Theory 7 The Nature of Chemical Bonds Valence Bond Theory sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane 12 sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane 13 sp2 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene 14 sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene 17 Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur 18 The Nature of Chemical Bonds Molecular Orbital Theory 20 Drawing Chemical Structures 21 Summary 24... 

Draw VSEPR (valence-shell electron-pair repulsion) structures of hydrazine and ethane and explain why the N—N bond is considerably weaker than the C—C bond. 

There is very good chemicai evidence that (RO)3Ta(BH3) does not have an ethane-like structure. Instead the BH3 group leans over so that there is a three-center two electron Ta—H—B bond established. An x-ray structure of a related BCl2Ph complex along with computations has been reported in Reference [69], Determine the important valence orbitals of (HO)3Ta-BH3 at a C3V geometry and draw an Walsh diagram for the distortion to Cj symmetry as shown below. 

With methane, ethane, and propane, there is only one way the molecule can be put together that conforms to the requirements of valency. However, when we reach butane, there are two possibilities. The carbon atoms can be arranged in a linear four-carbon chain (2.16) or a branched chain (2.17). These were initially called -butane, normal butane, and iso-butane. We describe these as structural isomers—the carbon atoms are joined together in a different pattern. Notice that I am using the stick drawings if you draw out the same structures with all the atoms there, you will quickly see why these are better ... 

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