Ethane-, lithium

For example, ethylene bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride can be prepared by the reaction of zirconium tetrachloride with bis(inden-yl)ethane lithium salt in tetrahydrofuran (4). 

Bis-(dimethylamino)ethane]lithium tetrahydroborate, [(CH3)2N-CH2CH2-N(CH3)2]Li-(BH4), is the first alkali metal tetrahydroborate to be structurally characterized. In view of the expected bidentate coordination of the diamine ligand to the lithium atom, the BH4 moiety is expected to exhibit bidentate coordination. Thus, the expected structure would be either the monomer or the dimer shown in Fig. 2-19, p. 62. However, the structure of the species is the unusual centrosymmetric dimer shown in Fig. 2-20, p. 62. 

Wojtkonski [185] has also reported on three series of melt spinnable thermotropic aromatic-aliphatic polyimines. The polyimines were prepared by reaction of 1,2-bis(4-formylphenoxy) ethane, terephthalaldehyde, or 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, respectively, with l,n-bis(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy) alkanes where n = 1-10, 12, 14, and 16 in dry DMAC containing 5% dry lithium chloride. The polymers decomposed at 400°C, and as the length of the flexible aliphatic segments increased, melting points decreased. Polymers with an odd... 

Whilst some organic compounds can be investigated in aqueous solution, it is frequently necessary to add an organic solvent to improve the solubility suitable water-miscible solvents include ethanol, methanol, ethane-1,2-diol, dioxan, acetonitrile and acetic (ethanoic) acid. In some cases a purely organic solvent must be used and anhydrous materials such as acetic acid, formamide and diethylamine have been employed suitable supporting electrolytes in these solvents include lithium perchlorate and tetra-alkylammonium salts R4NX (R = ethyl or butyl X = iodide or perchlorate). 

The dendritic growth of lithium was suppressed on a lithium electrode surface modified by an ultrathin solid polymer electrolyte prepared from 1,1—difluoro-ethane by plasma polymerization [114]. 

Using dilatometry in parallel with cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in lmolL 1 LiC104 EC-l,2-dimethoxy-ethane (DME), Besenhard et al. [87] found that over the voltage range of about 0.8-0.3 V (vs. Li/Li+), the HOPG crystal expands by up to 150 percent. Some of this expansion seems to be reversible, as up to 50 percent contraction due to partial deintercalation of solvated lithium cations was observed on the return step of the CV. It was concluded [87] that film formation occurs via chemical reduction of a solvated graphite intercalation compound (GIC) and that the permselective film (SEI) in fact penetrates into the bulk of the HOPG. It is important to repeat the tests conducted by Besenhard et al. [87] in other EC-based electrolytes in order to determine the severity of this phenomenon. 

T. Ito and J. H. Lunsford, Synthesis of ethylene and ethane by partial oxidation of methane over lithium-doped magnesium oxide, Nature, 1985, 314, 721. 

Wang SB, Murata K, Hayakawa T, Hamakawa S, Suzuki K (1999) Excellent performance of lithium doped sulphated zirconia in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Chem Commun 103-104. 

The protodelithiation enthalpy of n-propyl lithium is very nearly the same as for the n-butyl species, —219 2 kJmoP. From reaction 10 with w-butyl lithium as the benchmark species and the enthalpies of formation of the hydrocarbons in their gaseous reference states, the enthalpy of formation of n-propyl lithium is calculated as ca —91 klmoP, a value consistent with that of —86 kJ moP derived from w-PrMgBr in an earlier section. If the reference state of n-butane is taken as the liquid instead, the enthalpy of formation of n-propyl lithium is ca —70 kJ moP, a value consistent with another previous derivation of ca —73 kJmoP. At least with respect to consistency with the enthalpies of formation in Table 1, the best reference state for ethane and propene is the gas it is not yet clear which is better for butane. 

Whereas 1,1,1-triphenylethane 551 gave only 2% of triphenylacetic acid 552 after treatment with lithium and a substoichiometric amount (50%) of biphenyl, followed by carbonation and acidic hydrolysis, the same process carried out starting from 1,1,1,2-tetraphenyl ethane 553 or 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane 554 gave tri- 552 or diphenylacetic acid 555, respectively, with excellent yields (Scheme 148). ... 

By a two-fold bromine-lithium exchange on l,2-bis(2-bromo-3,5-di-f-butylphenyl)-ethane (73), Yoshifuji and coworkers were able to generate 1,6-dilithium compound 74 . The reaction was carried out using n-butyllithium in THF at — 78°C (Scheme 26). 

Mit dieser Methode lassen sich auf einfache Weise a,fi-ungesattigte Ketone bzw. Car-bonsaure-ester herstellen. Bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit einer Carbonyl- und einer Alk-oxycarbonyl-Gruppe wird mit Lithium in 1,2-Diamino-ethan die Carbonyl-Gruppe be-vorzugt eliminiert9 (s.Tab. 44, S. 380). 

In gleicher cheraischer Ausbeute, jedoch mit einer optischen Ausbeute von 76%, laBt sich Acetophenon-(O-methyl-oxim) mit Lithium-alanat in Gegenwart eines aus Diboran und (S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-l,l-diphenyl-butanol gebildeten Boran-Adduktes zu (S)-l-Amino-1-phenyl-ethan reduzieren2. 

Hohe optische Ausbeuten an 2-Amino-alkanen [z.B. (S)-2-Amino-butan, (S)-l-Amino-1-cyclohexyl-ethan] und Amino-ary 1-alkanen [z.B. (S)-i- und (S)-2-Amino-1-phenyl-propan] erhalt man auch bei der Reduktion der entsprechenden Ketoxime mit einem aus Lithium-alanat und 3-0-Cyclohexylmethyl-l,2-0-cyclohexyliden-a-D-glucofuranose ge-bildeten Komplex in Ether3. 

The unique feature about anionic polymerization of diene to produce homopolymer was that the microstructure of the homopolymer could be altered and changed at will to produce unique physical and chemical properties. These microstructural changes can be introduced before, after or during the polymerization. For example, chelating diamines, such as tetramethyl ethylene and diamine (TMEDA) (18), with the alkyl-lithium catalyst have been used to produce polymer with 80 1,2 addition products, while the use of dipiperidine ethane (DPE),with same catalyst has produced polybutadiene with 100 1,2 addition product. 

The SBjj diblock in which the styrene block is made first in cyclohexane, followed by the dipiperidise ethane modifier to the styreyl lithium then the butadiene to form this block coplymer. The reader may see the difference as illustrated in the following tables (XIII - XIV) as the physical properties vary from B S to SB ... 

Table 4. Dissociation and reactivity of lithium salt of living polystyrene in benzene-dimethoxy ethane mixtures at 25...

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