Estuarine water, atrazine

Jones, T.W., W.M. Kemp, J.C. Stevenson, and J.C. Means. 1982. Degradation of atrazine in estuarine water/sed-iment systems and soils. Jour. Environ. Qual. 11 632-638. 

Wu, T.L. 1981. Atrazine in estuarine water and the aerial deposition of atrazine into Rhode River, Maryland. Water Air Soil Pollut. 15 173-184. 

The dye-sensitized photodecomposition of atrazine was studied in aqueous, aerated solutions. When the solution was irradiated in sunlight for several hours, 2-chloro-4-(isopropyl-amino)-6-amino-s-triazine and 2-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)-6-acetamido-s-triazine formed in yields of 70 and 7%, respectively (Rejto et al, 1983). Continued irradiation of the solution led to the formation of 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine which eventually degraded to unidentified products. Hydroxyatrazine was the major intermediate compound formed when atrazine (100 mg/L) in both oxygenated estuarine water (Jones, 1982 Mansour et ah, 1989) and estuarine sediments were exposed to sunlight. The rate of degradation was slightly greater in water (half-life 3-12 d) than in sediments (half-life 1-4 wk) (Jones et al., 1982). 

Gascon, J., G. Durand, and D. Barcelo (1995b). Pilot survey for atrazine and total chlorotriazines in estuarine waters using magnetic particle-based immunoassay and gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detection. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29 1551-1556. 

To optimize the whole analytical procedure, extraction and detection SPE and ESI-LC-MS and MS/MS were studied with polar pesticides hke atrazine and some of their transformation products such as deisopropylatrazine, hydroxyatra-zine and deethylatrazine. Detection hmits in surface and estuarine water were in the range 0.2 to 8 ng L . [536]. The apphcation of ESI and APCI developed as tech-... 

Ward, G.S. and L. Ballantine. 1985. Acute and chronic toxicity of atrazine to estuarine fauna. Estuaries 8 22-27. Weete, J.D., P. Pillai, and D.D. Davis. 1980. Metabolism of atrazine by Spartina altemiflora. 2. Water-soluble metabolites. Jour. Agric. Food Chem. 28 636-640. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set maximnm acceptable levels for most pesticides in drinking water bnt no set standards for pesticides on aqnatic life are cnrrently available. Pesticides can affect aqnatic life in wetland and estuarine ecosystems (USEPA, 1996). Over 40 pesticides have been detected in the Mississippi River and most of the pesticides came from agricnltnral states (Antweiler et al., 1995). Atrazine and metolachlor were detected in more than 95% of the river samples collected. Alachlor was detected in 75% of the samples analyzed. 

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