Estimation of Properties Related to Phase Changes

In the petroleum refining and natural gas treatment industries, mixtures of hydrocarbons are more often separated into their components or into narrower mixtures by chemical engineering operations that make use of phase equilibria between liquid and gas phases such as those mentioned below  

When the fluids being treated contain water, the equilibria most often involve three phases (liquid-liquid-vapor). 

Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid equilibria also find industrial applications in liquid-liquid extraction and fractional crystallization operations. 

148 Chapter 4. METHODS FOR TH CALCUUiTION OF HYDROCARBON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 

Finally, gas-solid equilibria should be studied to avoid plugging problems due in particular to hydrate formation. 

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