Esters of Polysaccharides

A variety of sulfating agents has been used for preparing sulfuric esters of polysaccharides.297 - 303 The methods employed include use of adducts of sulfur trioxide with such aprotic solvents as triethylamine,299 dimethyl... 

The third group of mucilages are all isolated from the seaweeds and are, in the main, salts of sulfate esters of polysaccharides, a large number of which have been isolated (see Table VII). In only one or two... 

Another potentially important fermentation is that producing butyric acid. The process is used industrially on only a small scale at present and details have not been disclosed. Many derivatives of butyric acid are used industrially the benzyl, methyl, octyl and terpenyl esters are used in the perfumery and essence trade and amyl butyrate, bornyl and isobornyl butyrates have been described as plasticizers for cellulose esters. Moreover vinyl butyrate is a possible ingredient of polymerizable materials. The mixed acetic and butyric acid esters of polysaccharides are also coming into favor. Cellulose acetate butyrate is marketed as an ingredient of lacquer and is less inflammable than the pure acetate. Dextran (see below) acetate butyrate may have similar uses. 

NITRIC ESTERS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OTHER THAN CELLULOSE. NITRO-DERIVATIYES OF LIGNIN AND ABIETIC ACID... 

Chloroacetyl, methoxyacetyl and most importantly trifluoroacetyl moieties are used as impellers. Carboxylic acid esters of polysaccharides with almost complete functionalisation can be obtained. Thus, chloroform-soluble dextran stearates and dextran myristates with DS 2.9 are prepared by... 

Wax D of Avian and Saprophytic Strains.—These fractions are also mycolic esters of polysaccharides they have not yet been examined in detail. They are devoid of amino acids and are also inactive as immunological adjuvants (see p. 235). 

Chapter XVI. Nitric Esters of Polysaccharides other than Cellulose Nitro-Derivatives of Lignin and Abietic Acid... 

Physicochemical studies of other aliphatic, carboxylic esters of polysaccharides include (a) assessment of the gel-permeation properties of the series cellulose propionate-cellulose heptanoate, (b) dissolution of cellulose acetate phthalate, (c) monolayer properties of amylose acetate, and (d) melting and transition temperatures of the series amylose acetate-amylose hexanoate. Amylose acetate assumes a helical conformation at air-water interfaces and in oriented films, and the X-ray-analysis data for mannan acetate imply a threefold screw-axis... 

Reaction of dextran with acetylsalicyloyl chloride gives the polysaccharide ester in which, presumably, the 2- and 4-hydroxyl groups of the D-glucose residues are esterified. p-Nitrobenzoic esters of polysaccharides may be prepared by treating the carbohydrates with p-nitrobenzoyl chlo-ride and 0-(p-aminobenzoyl)cellulose, produced by the reduction of 0-( p-nitrobenzoyl )cellulose, is used as a matrix for the covalent attachment of macromolecules. 

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