Escherichia Lipoic acid

DeMoll E (1996) Biosynthesis of biotin and lipoic acid. In Neidhardt FC, Curtiss III R, Ingraham JL, Lin ECC, Low KB, Magasanik B, Reznikoff WS, RUey M, Schaechter M, Umbarger HE (eds) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium-. Cellular and Molecular Biology. Vol 1. ASM, Washington DC, p 704... 

This compound is the product of oxidation of the enamine by any one of the following oxidizing agents on enzymes most commonly by the dithiolane ring of lipoic acid covalently amidated to a lysine side chain in the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes less frequently by FAD in the pyruvate oxidases — these come in two flavors, forming acetate in Escherichia coli and forming acetylphosphate in L. plantarum, finally by NAD. ... 

Fkj. 6. Functional form of lipoic acid in Escherichia coli pyruvate and -koto-glutarate dehydrogenation complexes. The earboxyl group of lipoie acid is bound in amide linkage to the e-amino group of a lysine residue, providing a flexible arm of approximately 14 A for the reactive dithiolane ring. 

Shepherd, G. B. Hammes, G. G. Fluorescence energy transfer measurements in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli with chemically modified lipoic acid. Biochemistry 1977, 16, 5234-5240. 

Cholesterol is de mined using an ampoometric microbial electrode [235]. In contrast, glucose is determined using a potentiometric bacterial electrode, employing the reduction of lipoic acid in the presence of Escherichia coli [236]. The latter is based on bacterial growth, and the response time is very long, between 1 and 2 hours. 

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