Escherichia coli genetic code

Akman L, Rio RV, Beard CB, Aksoy S. Genome size determination and coding capacity of Sodalis glossinidius, an enteric symbiont of tsetse flies, as revealed by hybridization to Escherichia coli gene arrays. J. Bacteriol. 2001 183 4517-4525. Beard CB, O Neill SL, Mason P, Mandelco L, Woese CR, Tesh RB, Richards FF, Aksoy S. Genetic transformation and phylogeny of bacterial symbionts from tsetse. Insect Mol. Biol. 1993 1 123-131. 

Wang L, Brock A, Herberich B, Schultz PG. Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli. Science 2001 292 498-500. 

Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Ansger, B., Schultz, P.G. Addition of the keto functional gronp to the genetic code of Escherichia coli, PNAS, 2003, 100 1 56-61. 

D. S. King, L. Wang, P.G. Schultz, Addition of p-azido-L-phenylalanine to the genetic code of Escherichia coli.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9026-9027. 

The genetic code dictionary was originally established from studies on the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is now known to be the same for all organisms i.e., it is universal. The only exceptions, for a small number of codons, occur in mitochondria from a number of species. 

Bridges, B. A., and Woodgate, R. (1984). Mutagenic repair in Escherichia coli, X. The umuC gene product may be required for replication past pyrimidine dimers but not for the coding error in UV mutagenesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 196, 364-366. 

Wang, L. Brock, A. Herberich, B. Schultz, P G. Expanding the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli . Science 2001, 292, 498-500. 

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