Erythrina

It has become customary to call the principal members of this group the lupin alkaloids, but in view of their wide distribution in the Papilionaceae, a better title is that suggested above, since they appear to be the characteristic alkaloids of this leguminous sub-family. This is not the only type of alkaloid found in the Leguminosae other types occur, e.g., in Acacia (p. 631), Crotalaria (p. 601), Erythrina (p. 386), Mimosa (p. 4) and Pentaclethra (p. 776). 

As -erythroidine and its hydrides appear to be important curarising agents in the erythrina series it is convenient to tabulate at this stage the threshold curarising potencies of these alkaloids and to add for comparison the curarising potencies of the other free erythrina alkaloids. Similar tables are given later for the liberated and combined (p. 390) alkaloids. 

Erythratine, 18H2i04N, O SHjO, isolated first, along with erythraline from E. glauca seeds, and since then found in other Erythrina spp. has m.p. 170-5°, [a]ff° 144-9° (EtOH). The hydriodide B. HI has m.p. 242-... 

Combined Erythrina Alkaloids. The sources of the liberated alkaloids (see above) are now known to be, at least in two cases, the sulphur-containing alkaloids erysothiopine and erysothiovine, which are esters of sulphoacetic acid, HOOC. CHj. SOj. OH, identified as the aniline salt, m.p. 187-9° with erj sopine and erysovine respectively. The sources of erysodine and erysonine have not yet been isolated. These combined alkaloids arc believed to be sulphonic esters, of the type HO. OC. CHj. SOj. 0. R, where R is the alkaloidal residue. ... 

Alkaloids of Curare Curine, Tubocurarine, Protocuridine, Calabash-curare I, etc., including Erythrina alkaloids Alkaloids of Ipecacuanha. ... 

Diese Methode dient zur Oberfiihrung heterocyclischer tertiarer Amine iiber die mit der von Braun-Reaktion erhaltlichen Cyanamide in die sekundaren Amine, besonders in der Alkaloidchemie zur Herstellung von Nor-Verbindungen2 3 und zur Aufspaltung des Spi-ran-Geriistes in Erythrina-Alkaloiden4 z. B. ... 

Very recently, a highly efficient synthesis of the erythrina and B-homoerythrina skeleton by an AlMe3-mediated three-step domino condensation-type/iminium ion formation/iminium ion cyclization sequence has been reported by Tietze and co-... 

The sequential process consisting of palladium-catalyzed alkylation and the intramolecular Michael addition of nitro compound provides a nitrocyclohaxane derivative, which is a good precursor for synthesis of Erythrina alkaloids (Eq. 4.131).179... 

On route to the Erythrina alkaloid 3-dimethoxyerythratidinone, Wang and Padwa encountered the interesting acid catalyzed rearrangement of lactam 151 to the tetracyclic hydroxyindole 153 via the lactone 152 <060L601>. 

Fig. 2 Determination of Bt values (amount of functional immobilized ligand in the column) for the immobilized Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin. / -Nitrophenyl, (pNP)-lactose, diluted to various concentrations (8 to 50 pM), was used for concentration-dependence analysis. (A) The solid and dotted lines demonstrate elution profiles of pNP-lactose and control sugar (pNP-mannose), respectively. (B) Woolf-Hofstee-type plot was made by using V-V0 values. Adapted from 47 with permission.

There is still some discordance about markers for ATI cells [17, 18]. Varieties of glycocalyx appear to be expressed in ATI versus ATII cells, which can be distinguished by the binding of specific lectins. Lycopersicon esculen-tum lectin, for example, appears to adhere specifically to the apical plasma membrane of ATI cells [19, 20], Other lectin markers that have been reported in AEC typing are Ricinus communis agglutinin, Erythrina cristagalli lectin, soybean lectin and Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin (all for the ATI phenotype),... 

Redko F, Clavin ML, Weber D, Ranea F, Anke T, Martino V. (2007) Antimicrobial isoflavonoids from Erythrina crista galli infected with Phomosis sp. Z Naturforsch C 62 164-168. 

Tanaka H, Hattori H, Oh-Uchi T, Sato M, Sako M, Tateishi Y, Rizwani GH. (2009) Three new isoflavanones from Erythrina costaricensis. Nat Prod Res 23 1089-1094. 

Yenesew A, Derese S, Midiwo JO, Bii CC, Heydenreich M, Peter MG. (2005) Antimicrobial flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina burttii. Eitoterapia 76 469 72. 

Chacha M, Bojase-Moleta G Majinda RR. (2005) Antimicrobial and radical scavenging flavonoids from the stem wood of Erythrina latissima. Phytochemistry 66 99-104. 

Three prenylated flavanones (144-146) isolated from stem barks of Erythrina abyssinica (family Liguminosae) exhibited inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase IB (PTPIB) in an dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of > 60, 18.9 1.9 and 15.7 0.4 /tM, respectively hence, the flavanone (143) bearing a 2,2-dimethylpyran moiety on B ring is less potent than the other two (144 and 145) in the series. The... 

Cui L, Ndinteh DT, Na MK, Thuaong PT, Muruumu J, Silike, Njamen D, Mbafor JT, Fomnm ZT, Ahn JS. (2007) Isoprenylated flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica. JNat Prod 70 1039-1042. 

Na MK, Jang JP, Njamen D, Mbafor JT, Fomum ZT, Kim BY, Oh WK, Ahn JS. (2006) Protein tyrosine phosphatase-IB inhibitory activity of isoprenylated flavonoids isolated from Erythrina mildbraedii. J Nat Prod 69 1572-1576. 

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