Erbium magnetization

Though a simultaneous ordering of both nickel and erbium magnetic moments in Er2BaNi05 at TN 34 K follows unambiguously from neutron scattering [9, 7] and spectroscopic [6] data, the magnetic susceptibility does not show any peculiarity at TN but demonstrates a sharp maximum at a considerably lower temperature Tm=15 K (see, e.g., [8]). 

Following Ref. [11], we write for the staggered effective magnetic field created at the nickel chain by the staggered ordered erbium magnetic moments... 

Although erbium is magnetic at very low temperatures, it is antiferromagnetic and becomes a superconductor at temperatures near absolute zero. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids. Its salts range from pink to red. Erbium and some of the other rare-earth elements are considered to be impurities in the minerals in which they are found. Small quantities of erbium can also be separated from several other rare-earths. 

The closest Er—Er distance is 11.7 A thus providing the ordered, magnetically dilute erbium ion with a local symmetry of On-... 

Swedish physicist, astronomer, and spec-troscopist. He mapped the spectra of yttrium, erbium, didymium, lanthanum, scandium, thulium, and ytterbium, and in 1866 wrote a histoncal review of spectrum analysis. He also studied the magnetic properties of iron and iron ores. 

Figure 5. Temperature dependences of the ordered magnetic moments of nickel and erbium subsystems in Er2BaNi05 (open circles) calculated from the measured Er3+ ground-state splitting A(7) according to Eqs. (2) and (3) with mEr(0)=7.24 pB [7], A.=l.81 T/pB. Data from neutron scatterine measurements T9. 71 are also shown.

Costes, J.P., Clemente-Juan, J.M., Dahan, R etal. (2002) Unprecedented ferromagnetic interaction in homobin-uclear erbium and gadolinium complexes structural and magnetic studies. Angewandte Chemie International... 

The lutetium hahdes (except the fluoride), together with the nitrates, perchlorates, and acetates, are soluble in water. The hydroxide oxide, carbonate, oxalate, and phosphate compotmds are insoluble. Lutetium compounds are all colorless in the solid state and in solution. Due to its closed electronic configuration (4f " ), lutetium has no absorption bands and does not emit radiation. For these reasons it does not have any magnetic or optical importance, see also Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Samarium Terbium Ytterbium. 

This phenomenon is appropriate to the paramagnetic hyperfine spectra of magnetically dilute iron phases, and contrasts with the magnetically concentrated rare-earth paramagnetic hyperfine spectra where the effective-field approximation holds. However, it is possible to revert to the former situation by magnetic dilution. This has been shown in erbium ethyl sulphate diluted with the corresponding yttrium salt [138]. The hyperfine tensor was already known from e.s.r. data to be less anisotropic than usual, and the spec-... 

The temperature dependence of the magnetic field and quadrupole interaction in erbium metal have been followed between 4-2 and 40 K and analysed [142]. An estimate of —1-9(4) bam was suggested for the excited-state quadra-pole moment. In a more detailed study, the line intensities of the hyperfine spectrum in a single crystal of Er metal have been correlated with the magnetic structure previously determined by neutron diffraction methods [143]. 

Rare earth ions have been paid much attention to for their partieular optical properties and magnetic properties. Rare earth compound have been widely used as laser materials, lumineseent materials, coloring agents of ceramics or glass and so on l The optical materials doped erbium ion have been widely investigated for this ion has abundant energy levels. The energy levels and... 

Fig. 89. The magnetic susceptibility for erbium-rich metallic glasses (if = 700 Oe) (Hadjipanayis et al., 1980).

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