Erbium-doped polymers

Zhang, H. Bao, Q. Tang, D. Zhao, L. Loh, K. Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95,141103/1-141103/3. 

During the past 5 years, standards that may be used to calibrate reflec-tometer systems indirectly in reflectance mode have been developed. All these standards incorporate stable rare earth oxides, either as powders or as the oxides protected by a matrix of ceramic or polymer. The initial standard of this type was produced by NIST under the designation SRM-1920. The standard was a mixture of holmium, erbium, and dysprosium oxide in a quartz-covered powder cell and was meant for usage in the near-IR only. J. Verrill at NPL has produced a holmium oxide-doped glazed ceramic tile for use as a standard. This material suffers from some peak broadening and shifting, likely due to the high temperature of process of the ceramic. 

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