Equivalent atomic number , transition

The two products are taken over the sets of equivalent hydrogen atoms in transition state and reactants, respectively, and t and r represent the numbers of equivalent hydrogen atoms in each set. 

If an electton receives enough energy to remove it completely from the attraction of the nucleus, the atom is ionized. The energy required to ionize the electron is known as the ionization energy (Chapter 3). It is equivalent to the transition from n = 1 to n = o. The n used in Bohr s notation to represent energy levels is known as the principal quantum number. It is effectively the shell number . 

In this book a mastery of neither the structural formulae nor the trivial names is required of the reader since the chemistry can be intelligently followed without their use. However, cultivation of a memory for them will make the transition to an encyclopedic text easier. The numbering system is coupled to the biogenetic theme and attempts (with the exception of the simple derivatives of tryptophan) to give equivalent atoms the same number irrespective of the particular heterocycle in which they find themselves. 

Thus, the kind and quantity of relativistic corrections to the length and velocity forms of 1-radiation are different. From this point of view the concept of the equivalency of these forms must be improved both forms will lead to coinciding transition values for the accurate (exact) wave functions only if we account for the relativistic corrections of order v2/c2 to the transition operators (in practice, only for the velocity form). The other conclusion accounting for the relativistic effects leads to qualitatively new results, namely, to new operators, which allow not only improved values of permitted transitions, but also describe a number of lines, which earlier were forbidden. These relativistic corrections usually are very small, but they are very important for weak intercombination lines of light neutral atoms (see Chapter 30). 

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