Equilibrium Heat Generation Fractional

The calculations have been made for the 21.6 Ib/ft startig fuel ele- 

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A similar behaviour is found for the case of an increase in the ammonia contraits at the inlet of the converter. In fact, when the molar fiaction of ammonia in the feed stream increases, the equilibrium shifts to the reactants and the heat generation rate decreases. If the reactor is being operated under open loop, an extinction phenomenon rqipears due to the autothermal operation of the converter (Fig. 11). Under closed loop operation, the control action leads to a decrease in the cold by-pass fraction (Fig. 12). As a result, the reactor remains at the upper branch of the curve shown in Fig. 2 (ignited steady-state) and the outlet conversion drops slightly. 

The fraction of CH4 feed is fed through the bottom section in such a way that the permeating O2 is able to generate CPO (catalytic partial oxidation) equilibrium conditions in the bottom section, the temperature of which is in turn favorable for the permselective O2 transport. The steam is also added to avoid coke formation in the bottom section. The top section is then fed with the remaining CH 4 and steam feed so that overall autothermal process is achieved when both sections are considered together. The endothermic heat demand of the top section is thus catered by the equilibrium mixture corning from the bottom section and the side feed of additional CH4 and steam. 

The main variables associated with phase relationships include the overall composition, Z , temperature, pressure, liquid composition, X , vapor composition, F, vapor mole fraction, /, and heat transferred, Q. A process in which Z, and two other independent variables are set, and equilibrium separation of the phases is allowed to take place, is called a flash operation. A general flash operation is shown in Figure 2.4. A feed stream initially at conditions T, and P, is controlled so that its final conditions satisfy two specifications. The feed is of fixed rate and composition, F and Z . A heat duty, Q, may be added to or removed from the system as required. The feed is flashed to generate a vapor product with flow rate Ft r and a liquid product with flow rate F(1 -1 /), where / is the vapor mole fraction at flash conditions and P. In general, tj/ may be equal to zero or one or any value in between. The enthalpies of the vapor and liquid products are H2 and /Z2> respectively. The type of flash operation... 

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