Equilibrium deviation

It is known however that the values of extensive properties of bodies often thought of as homogeneous are not always independent of the surface area. In fact liquid bodies with surfaces are in general not entirely homogeneous, for the value of a given intensive quantity (say <3i/) in the region of the surface may at equilibrium deviate from the value that this quantity has in the bulk of the solution (Qy). We can write... 

Computer fitting of the positions and intensities of the spectral lines yielded an inversion barrier height of 3170 cm" , and an equilibrium deviation from planarity of 147.5 [1444]. The vibrational potential function for the first excited state of phosgene has been studied, and it supports considerable delocalization of the r orbital, and significant mixing of the CO and CCl bonds in the ground state of the molecule [564,565]. 

Problem Solubility equilibrium of a salt is not limited to the concentrations of the ions that deliver the pure salt solution. If, for example, a large amount of chloride ions are added to the saturated sodium chloride solution, then the equilibrium deviates in such a way that solid sodium chloride is formed and precipitates (Le Chatelier s principle of getting rid of the stress ). This way, the position of equilibrium is altered however, the product of concentrations of sodium ions and chloride ions remain constant solubility product. 

Data regressions based on the law of mass action are generally adequate for most situations. However, this model only retains validity in liquid-phase reactions at equilibrium without cooperativity. Reactions that involve solid-phase, multiple cooperative binding, and not reaching equilibrium, deviate from the model. Therefore, empirical equations that are not based on the law of mass action have been used for curve fitting also. Among these, polynomial (205) and spline functions are often used (206-209). Polynomial regression can be a second-order (parabolic) or third-order (cubic) function ... 

Plots of equilibrium deviation calculated as function of axial distance in reactor for the slowest step... 

On the contrary, during power transmission where the average temperatme increases sharply or when the rate of combustion is significant, which considerably increases the equilibrium deviation, certain thermochemical processes can be... 

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